Recent Apple Failures of Western New York. 79 



In another block of about the same number, set at the same time 

 (principally Kieffer, standard and dwarf Anjou) treated in the same 

 manner, there were similar results. The same can be said of a 

 block of Orange quince, set at the same time. In fact, all varieties 

 of fruit gave marked results. No description can do injustice to 

 the effect of spraying my cherries and plums. The latter astonished 

 all who saw them. The foliage on my Fay currant bushes was a 

 thing of beauty. We gathered fruit hidden under the rank growth, 

 twenty days after the unsprayed bushes were entirely bare. I wish 

 to say to the fruit growers of western New York, that we can raise 

 fruit as in the old times. Of course, in case of stoims or heavy cold 

 rains at the time when the flower is being fertilized, we are liable 

 to loss, as the rains wash off the pollen. My apple orchard is now 

 in grass, pastured very close with sheep, which I consider the right 

 kind of treatment, to prevent the grass from growing so high as to 

 act as a pump on the soil. The Bordeaux mixture must be applied 

 in the form of a vapor,* and the proper appliances mast be 

 employed, proper nozzles and j^roper spraying machines, to insure 

 success. For a large orchard the pump should be strong enough to 

 carry two leads of hose w^th four nozzles, that is, two on each lead 

 of hose with Y attachment. Three of my neighbors, Harry Brown, 

 (see page 74) George D. Simpson and Frank Cohoon, can furnish 

 equally strong testimony regarding the benefits of spraying their 

 orchards. The quantity and quality of their fruit and prices 

 received were far in advance of those who failed to treat their 

 orchards 



CtA^-^yty/^ ll/'cTTTyC 



A Michigan Exmriment in Renovating an Old Orchard. 



The first investigation which I made of the reasons for the failure 

 of the apple crop was inaugurated in 1885 at the Michigan Agricul- 

 tural College. At this time the Paris green spray was in its experi- 

 mental stage and Bordeaux mixture had not been used upon 

 orchards. The following account was published at the time,t but 



* That is, a fine strong spray. Mr. Wood used the McGowan nozzle. L. H. B. 

 t Bull. 31, Agric. College of Mich. 82 (1887). 



