Recent Apple Failures of Western New York. 71 



Since 1889 it has been sprayed annually with an insecticide, and 

 since 1891 with a fungicide. With this treatment it has produced 

 fair crops annually for several years. 



During the past season it has been kept well cultivated, first by a 

 shallow plowing and later by frequent working with a spring-tooth 

 harrow until the b^^rdened branches prevented further passage. 

 Early last summer the orchard was fertilized with an application of 

 200 lbs. of sulphate of potash and 400 lbs. of fine ground bone per 

 acre, sowed with a grain drill. I find by my records that the 

 orchard was first sprayed May 5th with the Bordeaux mixture and 

 Paris green. At that time an occasional King blossom was open. 

 May 12th the orchard was in full bloom. May 15th "heavy frost, 

 crust frozen on the surface of the soil." May 19th the bloom had 

 mostly fallen, and three weeks of rainy weather began. The 25th 

 scab spots began to show on the foliage, though none was then 

 visible on the fruit. May 31st sprayed the orchard the second time. 

 This spraying was greatly delayed by the heavy and long continued 

 rains. June 9th sprayed the orchard the third time. Under date 

 of June 18th I find this statement in my notes : " Corner orchard 

 full crop, but many one-sided because of the scab." 



The mixture used in all of our sprayings in this orchard was pre- 

 pared by adding ten pounds of sulphate of copper, in solution in 

 water to a hundred-gallon tank, then adding milk of lime until the 

 test of ferrocyanide of potassium was satisfied, and then one-half 

 pound of Paris green was added, after which the tank was tilled 

 with water. We used a power pump with two nozzles, a Yerraorel 

 for the lower branches, and a McGowen for the tops. After apply- 

 ing the spray to each side of each row, we croesed the rows. In 

 this way we endeavored to reach all parts of the trees, but in this 

 effort we were disappointed, as a careful examination just before the 

 picking season showed. At that time many of the trees bore but 

 little fruit in the interior, while the outer branches which received 

 the spray, were certainly overloaded. The results have satisfied me 

 that thorough work can be accomplished only with a hand pump. 



As to the results for this season, I present the following table. It 

 should be stated, however, that it was the off or non-bearing year 

 for the Cranberry Pippin, and many of the Greenings, and the 



