Recent Apple Failures of Western New York. 67 



experiment began that the edges had begun to roll or cnrl, fell off in 

 July, whether treated or not. The only very marked benefit coming, 

 from the treatments of Bordeaux upon leaves, was seen in the case 

 of two similar large leaves of Siberian Crab, standing side by side. 

 When the experiment was begun, these leaves were just beginning 

 to show the debility due to the infection of scab, but no definite 

 scab patches had developed. One leaf was treated, and the other 

 not. When the second application was made, two weeks later, no 

 difference could be detected between the two leaves, and the disease 

 had progressed little. But from this time on, the treated leaf suf- 

 fered little extension of the disease, but the other developed scab- 

 patches, and prominent blisters raised upon the upper surface, the 

 leaf finally appearing much like Fig. 5 in the colored plate. Upon 

 the young fruits there was a more distinct benefit from the treat- 

 ment. In every case, the Bordeaux confined the spots to very nearly 

 their original dimensions, and in one or two cases the scab was wholly 

 killed. On one fruit of Siberian Crab, there were several scab- 

 patches an eighth of an inch across when the treatment began. 

 These spots had not enlarged two weeks later, and a month after the 

 first treatment — the apple having been dipped twice in Bordeaux — 

 the patches appeared to be dead, but a new growth of the fungus 

 had started beyond the rims of the original spots. In another case, 

 five scabby apples upon one twig were treated the three times, and 

 on two of the fruits the scab was certainly wholly killed, not with-' 

 standing that the injury at the time of the first treatment was quite 

 as serious as that upon Fig. 4 in the colored plate. The patches of 

 scab broke away, the apple resumed its growth underneath, and in 

 their places there appeared a scabby russet surface like that made by 

 the injury of the Bordeaux mixture (as described on p. UO.) In one 

 case, in which the spots of scab had nearly encircled the little fruit, 

 the apple grew most rapidly upon either end, leaving a russet valley 

 or zone extending nearly around the fruit. But if anything was 

 gained by the killing of the scab, it was generally lost by the injury 

 of the Bordeaux mixture itself, for half of the treated apples finally 

 dropped. It will be recalled that these apples were immersed, the 

 mixture being held in a cup, and the fruits were allowed to lie in it 

 a half minute at each of the three applications. Some of the apples 

 did not appear to be injured by this treatment, but many of them 

 evidently were. I have made careful examinations of the young 

 apples in sprayed orchards, and I am satisfied that the small and 



