-60 Agricultural Experiment Station^ Ithaca, N. Y. 



and, as a rule, the very earliest attacks in bad seasons, are fatal. 

 Various stages of injury upon the fruit are shown in the colored 

 plate. Fig. 4 shows a Northern Spy taken July 5th, last year. 

 This apple is now deformed by the attacks of the scab, and if it had 

 remained upon the tree it would probably have become a gnarly, 

 crooked specimen entirely uniit for use. It is probable, however, 

 that the fungus patches upon the stem would have soon cut off the 

 food supply, causing the apple to fall. Fig. 6 is a Greening picked 

 September 20th. The deep fissures have resulted from the check- 

 ing of the growth of the fruit by the fungus. At the lower side of 



4. Apple injured by Bourdeaux mixture. 



the apple are shown two small scabs which are dead and harmless. 

 The tissues of the apple have grown beneath them, and have broken 

 them apart. 



During the past summer, this scab upon the fruit has been con- 

 founded by some persons with an injury wrought by the Bordeaux 

 mixture itseK. This injury is a russeted surface of the apple 

 upon the sprayed side, much like that shown in the accompanying 

 illustration. It appears to come mostly from the use of Bordeaux 

 mixture which has an insufficient supply of lime to satisfy the re- 

 actions which occur, in a wet season, after the mixture is applied 

 to the tree. In seasons like the last, the use of the ferrocyanide of 

 potassium test for the preparation of Bordeaux mixture is probably 

 unsafe. This injury is not often serious, and the fruit more or less out- 



