Recent Apple Failures of Western New York. 



59 



pissed into an ambitious apple. Many of tlie one-sided apples owe 

 their deformity to imperfect pollination. Such a one is shown in 

 the cut. The apple has five carpels or cells, each cell contain ingy 



2. Normal failure of apple flov.ers. Oily one has set fruit. 



normally, twin seeds. Now each of these twins is fertilized by 

 pollen which falls upon that one of hve stigmas which is attached 

 to that carpel ; and if no pollen falls upon this particular stigma, 

 the seeds will not develop and the apple grows slowly upon that 

 side. 



This apple scab is no new pest. It has no doubt been seriously 

 present ever since apples were grown in the country, causing many 

 failures of crops which were laid to the weather 

 or the moon. But within the last decade, it 

 seems to have been unusuallv destructive in 

 the orchards of western New York. It is no\/ 

 enforcing attention to the condition of our 

 long neglected orchards, and it will undoubt- 

 edly be the means of greatly improving the 

 apple industry of the country. It is most 

 familiar in the scab-like patches upon the '"^ 



3. Lop-sided apple, due to im- 



fruit. The small scabs upon mature apples perfect pollination, 

 are probably due to infectious rather late in the season. If the 

 fungus attacks the fruit when it begins to grow, the apple may 

 become one-sided, and later on it may crack ; or the apple dies and 

 falls. The earlier the apple is attacked, the greater is the injury, 



