The Spraying of Orchards. 123' 



plication of Paris green was made June 6. The falling of the 

 apple blossoms is the signal for the use of arsenites in the destruc- 

 tion of the codlin moth. 



The orchard was sprayed four times with fungicides ; the first ap- 

 plication was with the copper-sulphate solution ; the following ones 

 were with the Bordeaux mixture. They were made on the follow- 

 ing dates : April y, April 21, May 2, June 6. The fruit was 

 practically free from scab. The seedling variety had never borne 

 perfect fruit before having been sprayed, but this year the tree was 

 loaded with good fruit free from scab. 



Rust was found upon most of the varieties to a considerable ex- 

 tent, and there appears to be no doubt of the injurious action of 

 the Bordeaux mixture in these cases. 



Mr. Tenant, of Ripley, sprayed an orchard three times, using 

 only the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. The former was used 

 alone for the single application made before the blossoms appeared, 

 but the two were applied together as soon as the blossoms fell, and 

 again about ten days later. From one to two gallons of the mixture 

 were used per tree. In spite of the use of this small amount of 

 liquid, the crop harvested was very fair and the owner is enthusiastic 

 regarding the value of the treatment. The varieties grown are mostly 

 Baldwins, Roxbury Russet and King. Rust was found throughout 

 the orchard, but it was not so serious as in that of Mr. Walker. 



John W. Spencer, Westfield, sprayed his apple trees very 

 thoroughly the past season, making all the applications generally 

 recommended. The crop, however, show^ed that careful work 

 added to even the best intentions will not always produce perfection. 

 Mr, Spencer's apples suffered severely from rust, and they were ex- 

 ceedingly wormy, so much that they could not have been much 

 worse if no application had been made. The reason for this trouble 

 was discovered, but too late to remedy it. London purple had been 

 used in place of Paris green, and it was so deficient in arsenic that 

 about a pound to forty gallons was required to destroy potato 

 beetles. It had been used upon the apple trees at the rate of one 

 pound to nearly two hundred and fifty gallons of water, so of course 

 its action was very slight. 



The Bordeaux mixture was made with the use of the ferrocyanide 

 of potassium test. This undoubtedly had much to do with increas- 

 ing the amount of rust upon the fruit, for the applications wer& 

 thoroughly and frequently made. 



