The Spraying of Orchards. 133 



4. Rusty fruit was found upon Baldwin, King, Red Astrachan 

 and Fallawater trees, but none upon Fall Pippin. 



5. Four applications of the Bordeaux mixture made to King trees 

 protected the fruit well from scab, but it is probable that three 

 would have been sufficient. 



6. The two most important applications made for combating the 

 apple scab consist of the one which is made just before the blossoms 

 open, and the one made as soon as they fall. 



7. If a third treatment is advisable it should be made about two 

 weeks after the falling of the blossoms. 



8. The use of three gallons of Bordeaux mixture upon bearing 

 trees from twenty-five to thirty years of age, seems to be advisable ; 

 for a part of the beneficial action of this fungicide may be the less- 

 ening of insect, especially curculio, injuries, 



9. Former applications of the Bordeaux mixture upon the trees 

 of this orchard appeared to possess little value in perfecting the 

 crop this year, but all circumstances were not favorable to an accur- 

 ate experiment regarding this point. 



10. The early use of the copper-sulphate solution may be of 

 value if orchards are uniformly and thoroughly sprayed with it. In 

 our experimental orchard, with unsprayed trees as probable sources 

 of infection, the value of such treatments has not been very marked. 



11. London purple possesses no fungicidal properties. 



12. Former applications of arsenites appear to have exerted no 

 infiuence in suppressing insect ravages during the past season. 



13. If only one substance is applied to apple orchards, it should 

 generally be Paris green. 



14. Spraying orchards in some cases increases the yield of fruit 

 from practically nothing to a full crop, but in other cases the 

 operation is followed by nearly negative results in this direction. 



15. It is doubtless true that much of the failure of apple orchards 

 to bear is due to the want of proper fertilization and cultivation. 



16. The true cause of the formation of nisty apples is obscure, 

 but the character of the season appears to influerce the severity of 

 the attack. 



17. The Bordeaux mixture has a tendency to produce rusty fruit 

 even when prepared according to the formula given on page 110. 



18. The ferrocyanide of potassiimi test used in the manufacture 

 of the Bordeaux mixture is not so satisfactory as was at first thought, 

 for the mixture when so prepared may be injurious to the fruit 



