294 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



suit. AVhen the jiLotograplis for Fig. Gl were taken, the cater- 

 pillar was busily at work spinning a smooth silken lining in its new 

 suit. At this stage of the proceedings, it became a martyr to science 

 and the whole leaf now forms an interesting addition to our col- 

 lection illustrating the different phases of this curious case bearer. 



When first sewn together, the two skins of the leaf make a 

 flattened case. This is gradually constricted into the more rounded 

 cigar shape, doubtless by the caterpillar in tightening his silken 

 lining inside. The round hole eaten througli the skin of the leaf 

 when the mine is begun, now serves as the entrance to the new 

 case. "When the case is complete, the caterpillar in some manner 

 manages to break the now dry and brittle guy ropes, and elevating 

 its new suit in the air walks off to seek new pastures, leaving the 

 little empty case attached to the leaf. These cigar-shaped cases, 

 being thus formed from bits of the upper and lower skins of a leaf, 

 show, under a lens, on one side the characteristic raised veinlets of 

 the upper skin and on the other the fine hairs of the lower skin. 

 Usually the side seams form slight ridges on the case. 



Our wonder at the ingenious tailoring which the little cater- 

 pillar did in our cage was increased, when, upon further exami- 

 nation of many infested leaves sent in by correspondents, we 

 found that most of them had shown still more ingenuity in their 

 work. Many of the leaves received May 31st had had their basal 

 edges eaten away in a peculiar manner; and the explanation was 

 alwavs at hand in the form of one of the little curved cases. 



62. — Leaves whose basal portions were used by the caterpillars 

 in mailing their cigar-shaped eases ; natural size. 



always empty, attached at the point where the leaf joins its stem. 

 In Fig. 62 are shown three such leaves natural size ; quite often 

 both basal edges would be cut away, as shown in the figure. 



