The Cigar-case Bearee. 299 



1894 to spray thoronglily in the early part of June with Paris 

 green, one pound to 200 gallons (always using two or three poiinds 

 of lime to prevent injury to the foliage from free arsenic.) Several 

 reported very satisfactory results. The first spraying should be 

 made as soon as the little cases are seen moving in the spring, that 

 is, about the time the bnds begin to open. Kepeat the application, 

 from four to Seven days later, for the leaves open fast and soon 

 present much unpoisoned surface for the case bearers to work upon. 

 In Canada, Dr. Young has had very good results from the Paris 

 green thus applied. 



Fortunately, this is just the time when the bud moth (discussed 

 in Bulletin 50) can be the most successfully combated with the 

 same spray. In fact, the cigar-case bearer and the bud moth often 

 worked on the same leaves in many western New York orchards in 

 -1894. The Paris green may be effectually combined with the 

 Bordeaux mixture at this time for the first application for the apple- 

 scab fungus. 



While Dr. Young found the Paris green spray very effective, as 

 mentioned above, he also] discovered that a spray of kerosene 

 emulsion, diluted with nine parts of water,* applied thorouglily in 

 the spring when the caterpillars are active, was still more effective. 

 Some of our correspondents have also thought they cheeked the 

 bud moth with the emulsion used at this time for other insects. It 

 is also a'fortunate coincidence that the same emulsion spray, when 

 directed against the case bearer in pear orchards, will also be just in 

 time to catch the recently hatched nytuphs of that dreaded pest, the 

 pear psylla, discussed in Bulletin 44. 



To siiimnarize^ we believe that this cigar-case bearer can be kept 

 in check by two or three thorough sprayings with Paris green, one 

 pound to 200 gallons of water. The first application, which may 



* To make the emulsion, thoroughly dissolve oue-half pound hard or soft soap 

 in one gallon boiling water. While this solution is still very hot add two gallons 

 of kerosene and quickly begin to agitate the whole mass through a syringe or 

 force-pump, drawing the liquid into the putup and forcing it back into the dish. 

 Continue this for five minutes or until the whole mass assumes a creamy color 

 and consistency which will adiiere to the sides of the vessel, and not glide ofiC 

 like oil. It may now be readily diluted with cold rain water, or the whole mass 

 may be allowed to cool -^ hen it has a semi-solid form, not unlike lopperod milk. 

 This standard emulsion if covered aud placed in a cool dark place will keep for 

 a long time. In making a dilution from this cold emulsion, it is necessary to 

 dissolve the amount required in three or four parts of boiling water, after which 

 cold rain water may be added in the required quantities. 



