The Cigar-oase Bearer. 



289 



Indications of the Presence of the Insect. 



The first indications of the presence of tliis case bearer appear on 

 the swelling buds of apple, pear, or plum trees. Early in the spring 

 of 1894, we saw hundreds of them at work on pear buds near 

 Rochester, IsT. Y. ; they were then in their small curved cases 

 (Fig. 59), and were quite conspicuous as they projected from the 

 surface of the swelling buds. Two or three often occurred on a 

 single bud busily at work eating minute round holes, scarcely larger 

 than a pin, into the buds. The buds open quite rapidly, and an 

 many of the caterpillars do not awaken from their winter's sleep 

 thus early in the season, the damage done on the opening buds is 

 small compared with their later work on the foliage. 



The work of the insect on the expanded foliage takes the form of 

 various sized, skeletonized, dead, and brown areas which have near 

 their centers a clean cut small round hole through one skin (usually 

 the one on the underside) of the leaf. These skeletonized areas are 

 well shown in Fig. 57. When the insect is very numerous, often 



57. — Characteristic work of the caterpillars on the leaves ; natural size. 



SO much of the inner tissue of the leaf is thus eaten out that the 

 whole leaf turns brown and dies. Several of the leaves on the 

 branch shown in Fig. 54 were killed in this way, and several of 



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