588 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



poison still remaining on the trees. We had demonstrated that a 

 thorough treatment with Paris green is capable of destroying the 

 canker-worm, and the subsequent care of the orchard was left to the 

 owner. The orchard should have been sprayed again. I expect 

 that if the orchard now receives two thorough sprayings each 

 spring, as advised for the codlin-moth, the canker-worms will dis- 

 appear, but if the orchard is neglected the worms will likely be as 

 bad as ever m a year or two. I visited the orchard again on the 

 first of August, and found that many of the trees which had been 

 most seriously involved were making a fairly good growth, with 

 large and strong leaves, although the ragged, early foliage was still 

 upon' the trees. Last year many of the trees lost their foliage com- 

 pletely and most of them made no growth. 



There are two species of canker-worms, the fall and the spring 

 species. The one which is now common in western New York 

 seems to be the spring canker-worm {PaleaGrita vernata^ formerly 

 known as Anisopteryx vernata). The worms feed greedily for 

 three or four weeks and then go into the ground where they enter 

 the pupa state and remain until the following spring. Occasion- 

 ally the moths appear in late fall or during warm spells in winter, 

 but they usually emerge in early spring, when the 

 buds begin to swell. The thin-winged, white 

 male moth is shown full size in Fig. 138, which 

 figure is made from nature with great care. The 

 female moth (Fig. 139) is wingless, and crawls up 

 the tree, laying her eggs under shreds of bark or 

 iss'-Maiemothof can- !» the expanding buds. The eggs hatch unevenly 

 ker-worm. Full size, or elsc the period of egg- laying is long, for the 

 worms continued to appear in Mr, Scott's orchard this year for a period 

 of two weeks or more. The reader is familiar with the 

 bandages of tar, printer's ink, cotton, and other materials 

 placed about the trees to prevent the female moth from 

 climbing up. These devices are very serviceable for large 

 shade trees, but if the fruit grower keeps his orchard in n^^^^'^uu 

 cultivation and sprays honestly once or twice each year for ^^^^' 

 codlin-moth and other insects, he need not fear the canker- 

 worm. 



