The Spraying op Trees. 589 



Summary. 



1. Spraying is only one of several means or operations which the 

 pomologist must master if he aspires to the greatest and most 

 uniform success. Other fundamentally important requisites are till- 

 ing, fertilizing and pruning. 



2. Spraying is not necessary to successful results every year, but 

 inasmuch as the farmer cannot foretell the need of the operation, he 

 should spray as a matter of insurance. 



3. Spraying is almost sure to be of some benefit every year, par- 

 ticularly upon apple, pear, plum and quince trees. 



4. Spraying is of little consequence unless carefully and honestly 

 done. The spray must actually reach every point which it is in- 

 tended to protect. 



5. Prepare for the year's campaign during the previous winter, 

 by reading the latest teachings, and by completing pumps and 

 appliances. Give particular attention to a convenient wagon outfit 

 (Figs. 133, 134). 



6. The Bordeaux mixture need not be made up at each using in 

 the exact numbers of the formula. The copper sulphate may be 

 permanently dissolved in water and the lime may be slaked. 

 When the mixture is prepared, the stock solution of vitriol is 

 diluted, the lime added, and the tank filled to the required amount. 



7. Spraying is well nigh futile unless the operator understands 

 precisely what he sprays for. 



8. The time to spray is when the operation is needed to protect 

 the plant. This will vary, therefore, with every season and every 

 different pest. In general, we advise spraying apples and ])ears 

 twice, first, when the fruit-buds open, but before the flowers expand, 

 and again when the blossoms fall. 



9. The presence of soluble arsenic in Paris green may be deter- 

 mined by a test with sulphuret of hydrogen. 



10. Pure Paris green dissolves completely in ammonia, giving a 

 rich deep blue liquid. 



