Evaporated Raspberries. 585 



first quality of dried fruit than the other styles of evaporators, 

 because the fruit is not so completely under the control of the 

 operator. The fruit must be shovelled over from time to time to 

 insure a uniform product. This handling is itself a menace to good 

 fruit, and when there is any quantity of fruit on the floor it can not 

 all be dried equally. That which is dried enough is generally 

 obliged to wait until the least dried portion is perfected. Tet there 

 are instances in which the operator exercises suflicient care to turn 

 out a product which is indistinguishable from the tower-dried fruit. 

 The particular merit of the kiln evaporator is its cheapness. 



2. The Jiorizontal drier. 



The horizontal evaporators in which the pans or trays of fruit 

 are moved horizontally or obliquely across the heating surface, are 

 little used in western New York, and are therefore not discussed in 

 this paper, 



3. The tower drier. 



The tower or stack evaporators, in various forms, far out-number 

 other appliances in this State. The stack is a chimney like structure, 

 of wood or brick, resting in the basement of the building and ex- 

 tending up through the building and projecting above the roof. 

 A coal or wood furnace — preferably the former — is placed in its 

 base, and air which is drawn in from the basement passes over the 

 heated surfaces and ascends through the shaft, drying the fruit as it 

 rises and carrying the vapors into the atmosphere. The fruit is 

 placed in the stack on the first floor, that is, the floor above the 

 basement. It is spread on trays, and as new trays are put in, those 

 which were first inserted are elevated in the tower. The trays 

 finally reach the second story, by which time the fruit should be 

 finished, and the trays are removed and emptied and taken back to 

 the first fioor, to be used again. This, in brief, is the principle 

 upon which the tower evaporators work, but there are endless varia- 

 tions in the details, to some of which we must now direct oui- 

 attention. 



The first stacks were built of wood. In 18S1, L. K. Rogers, son 

 of Mason L. Rogers, to whom I have already introduced the 

 reader, built stacks of brick from the basement to the top of the 

 drying chamber in the second story. This was on the old home- 

 stead near Williamson, and the building erected the year previous 



