544 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



the market, the Topping made at Marion, N. Y., and shown in ¥\g, 

 106, is much used in "Wayne county. This can be had in four sizes, 

 with capacities ranging from five to twenty bushels of apples a day. 



Steam tray-driers. 



Steam is occasionally used in kiln driers, as we have seen (page 

 446), but it is most efficient when applied in closed stacks or boxes, 

 underneath trays. For a very large output, steam is probably the 

 most efficient and economical heat, particularly where light power is 

 also wanted for running parers, cider presses, carriers, and the like ; 



116.— Front yiew of a steam box (L. R. Rogers, Albion). 



and it also has the advantage of being easily carried to all parts 

 of the establishment for warming purposes. Coils of steam pipe 

 are laid in horizontal tiers, the space between each two tiers being- 

 just sufficient to allow of the easy insertion of one or two trays. 

 Each tray is therefore independent of all others above or below it, 

 and it may be allowed to remain in its original position until the 

 fruit is finished, A narrow horizontal door is provided for each 

 space. These tiers of steam pipes may reach a total height of five 

 to eight feet, and several stands of them are usually placed along 

 side, and the whole is usually boxed in with lumber. Fig. 116 

 is a front view of a portion of two stands of a steam tray-drier. 

 Six doors are shown in each stand, some of them open and dis- 



