166 FAUNA OF NEW ENCLAND. 



PASSERES. OSCINES. 



FRIXGILLIDAE. 



Fringilla erythrophthalma Linn4, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 175S, vol. 1, 

 p. ISO. "America." 



Thickets and s])rout land; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. 



INIe. — Uncommon summer resident in southwestern counties. 

 May 6-Oct. 18 (Nov. 21). 



N. H. — Common summer resident in southern part, becoming 

 uncommon north to White Mt. valleys. May 1-Oct. 15. 



Vt. — Uncommon summer resident. May-Sept. 



Mass. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. (Aj)ril 

 2) April 18-Oct. 22 (Nov. 30, Dec. 4); (winter). Eggs, :\Iay 17- 

 June 12. 



R. I. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. April 

 19-Oct. 13 (Jan. 14, 1896, Newport). Eggs, May 21-June 3. 



CoxN. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. 

 April 25-Nov. 25 (Dec. 28, 1908, New Haven; Jan. 22, 187G, 

 Portland). Eggs, May 21-June 6. 



308. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linne) Lichtenstein. 



Cardinal; Cardinal grosbeak; Red-bird; Virginia nightingale. 



Loxia cardinalis Linne, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, ]). 172. 

 "ix America septextrioxali." 



Pityhis cardinalis Linne. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 

 3, p. 198, pi. 203. Egg, Capen, 1886, pi. 10, figs. 11, 12. 



Bushy fields and thickets; nests in bushes. 



INIe. — Several recorded; probably some are escaped cage birds 

 (9 from flock of three, Gardiner, Dec. 19, 1895). 



Vt. — Rare visitor or escape: Brattleboro. 



INIass. — Occasional visitor at all seasons and escape; doubtfully 

 stated to have bred at Cambridge (a wild bird and a freed cage bird 

 nested in Brookline, eggs, June 6, 1898). 



Coxx. — Occasional visitor or escape. 



