406 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. 



Connecticut: Colebrook, 1,500 ft. (Wheeler). 



Michigan: Isle Royale (O. McCreary). 



Wisconsin: White Fish Bay, near Milwaukee (Wheeler); Beaver 

 Lake (C. E. Brown). 



Illinois: Rockford (Wheeler). 



This subspecies, in color and pilosity at least, is more closely related 

 to the typical European sanguinca than is any of the other North 

 American forms. The distribution shows that it is an essentially boreal 

 ant. From a study of it in the type locality, Forel concluded that its 

 colonies contain no slaves. I have shown, however, that the female 

 aserva establishes her colony with the aid of workers of F. fusca or 

 its var. subscricra pillaged as pupae, but that the colony eventually 

 becomes a pure aserva colony, because the workers of this subspecies 

 fail to inherit their mother's predatory and dulotic instincts. This 

 explains why Forel failed to find any fusca workers in the large colo- 

 nies which he examined at Toronto. I have seen only two male speci- 

 mens of aserva, both from South Harpswell, Maine, and one of these 

 was immature. 



7. F. SANGUiNEA RUBicuNDA Emery. 



F. sanguinea subsp. rubicunda Emery, Zool. jahrb. Syst., 1893, 7, p. 647, pi. 

 22, fig. 2, ^ 9; Wheeler, Amer. nat., 1901, 35, p. 711; Bull. Amer. 

 mus. nat. hist., 1906, 22, p. 74; Ants, 1910, p. 458, 570. 



Worker. Length 5-7 mm. 



Head shaped much as in the European sanguinea, with rather 

 straight converging sides, feebly excised posterior border and promi- 

 nent posterior angles; clypeal notch shallower and less pronounced; 

 antennal scapes but slightly enlarged at their tips. Petiole broad, 

 with thin, rather sharp superior border, usually notched in the middle. 



Body, especially the gaster, somewhat more shining than in the 

 typical sanguinea, owing to the pubescence being a little shorter and 

 sparser. 



Hairs, especially on the gaster, longer and more abundant, usually 

 of a rich golden yellow color, but sometimes grayish or whitish. Hairs 

 on the dorsal surface of the head, pro- and mesonotum numerous, and 

 there are usually also a few erect hairs on the gula and petiolar border. 

 Pubescence very distinct, fine, gray, short on the head and thorax, 

 longer on the gaster. Femora with a row of hairs on their flexor 

 surfaces; tibiae with short, appressed pubescence and a row of short 

 bristles on their flexor surfaces. 



Color of head, thorax, petiole, and appendages usually lighter and 



