lyo FlKLl) COTA'MBIAN MuSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY, VoT.. III. 



court is the Bahoki* and the shrine of Tiwonappavi.f The first (see PL 

 LXXIX) is a small rectangular structure about two feet high, made of 

 courses of stone and open at the upper eastern side. Its summit is 

 occupied by a flat sandstone slab. In this court are enacted the 

 public performances of the Snake and Antelope priests on the eighth 

 and ninth days, when this shrine plays a small part in the rites. 



Mishongnovi has the appearance of being old, and a careful exam- 

 ination of the interior of the houses, up to a few years ago, would not 

 have revealed much that is of white origin. In fact the people of this 

 village, as a whole, are probably more conservative than those of any 

 other Hopi pueblo, unless Shongopavi be excepted. This fact adds 

 considerable interest to the character of the inhabitants, for when a 

 conservative Indian manifests friendship it may be depended upon 

 that the desire for personal gain has, as a rule, not been his sole 

 incentive. 



THE KIVAS USED BY THE SNAKE AND ANTELOPE 

 FRATERNITIES. 



The two kivas or underground chambers occupied by the Snake 

 and Antelope Fraternities for their secret mysteries were, respectively, 

 those of the Wowochini (Adult's) and Ahl (Horn) Societies; hence- 

 forth in this paper they will be called the Snake and Antelope kivas. 

 Both lie outside the limits of the village on the southeast side, occu- 

 pying a position just as the mesa begins to slope down toward 

 the first terrace (see PL EXXX, a). As a consequence of their 

 position the outer walls and a portion of the end walls of both kivas 

 are almost entirely exposed, being built up from the sloping side of 

 the hill. The lower portion of both outer walls is now, however, 

 partially covered by refuse, as this side of the village is a favorite 

 dumping ground for the refuse of the streets. The exposed walls are 

 roughly built, the lower half being of a double course of undressed 

 stones with the remainder of the wall of a single course. At no place 

 in any of the exposed walls is there evidence of careful masonry or 

 plaster. The two kivas are separated from each other by an interval 

 of a few feet, this being occupied by one of the trails. The fact that 

 the orientation of Hopi kivas is largely a matter of convenience is 

 well illustrated by the position of these two — that of the Snake kiva 



♦The Bahoki is said to be owned by the Batki NfSamu (Waterhouse Clan), represented in 

 this ceremony principally by Sikanakpu. But others also deposit prayer offerings in this shrine. 



tThis shrine is controlled by the Katcina Nflamu (Katcina Clan). The Katcina chief of 

 Mishongnovi is at present Loniashihkuiwa, who also participated in the ceremony. 



