228 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. III. 



exposing that side opposite the ladder, and swept the hatchway^ 

 around which they then sprinkled with sand a line. The priests then 

 sprinkled meal in a straight line entirely around the kiva, following a 

 sinistral circuit, until they had sprinkled four parallel lines, when a 

 diagonal line was sprinkled on the northeast corner and on the south- 

 east corner, and also three transverse lines on each side passing 

 directly over the middle of the long lines. The digging sticks and 

 throwing sticks had already been removed and were now lying on the 

 roof of the Tao kiva near by. The Snake whip natsis were now placed 

 on the ground leaning against the rounded beam of the open side of 

 the hatchway and opposite the ladder (see PI. XCIX, c). 



On entering the Snake kiva at ten minutes past four, two bull 

 roarers {towdkingpiatd) and two lightning frames {talawihpiki^ were 

 found lying on a tray near the hearth. These had been brought into 

 the kiva by Homisiima very early on this day. While Lomanakshu 

 was putting up the aodtnatsi, two Snake priests, Sikannakyoma and 

 Qo'chbuyaoma, were making preparations within the Snake kiva for the 

 coming ceremony in the Antelope kiva. They began by making a rough 

 part in the hair just over the left eye, upon which they daubed to the 

 extent of nearly two inches thick white clay, and tied a nakwakwosi 

 to a lock of hair near this spot. The hair otherwise was permitted to 

 hang loosely down the back. They then painted their faces red, over 

 which they placed on the cheek a perpendicular black line of specular 

 iron. On the top of the head they fastened a bunch of eagle breath 

 feathers stained red. They next put on the snake kilt, tying it on the 

 right side. A bandoleer was then placed over the right shoulder, the 

 lower part of it hanging under the left arm. Sikdniiakyoma then took 

 up one of the bull roarers and one of the lightning frames, while 

 Qo'tchbuyaoma tookup the other pair. Stepping toward the forward 

 end of the kiva, both twirled the bull roarers several times and then 

 performed witli the lightning frames. Then stepping on the platform, 

 they went through the same operation and then upward toward the 

 kiva opening, when they ascended the ladder and the operation was 

 repeated on the kiva hatchway, twirling the bull roarers several 

 times and then shooting the lightning frames four times, first to the 

 north, then to the west, then to the south and then to the east (see 

 PI. C). It was just five o'clock when the two Kalehtakas left the 

 Snake kiva and entered the Antelope kiva. At this time a number of 

 the priests of the two fraternities not actively engaged in the early 

 morning ceremonies, with a few of the young men of the village not 

 members of either of the fraternities, were seen to leave the mesa by 

 the east trail, where they descended at a rapid gait down into the 



