272 Preface. 



Besides th6 Summer Snake ceremony, which is the one usually 

 meant when the Hopi Snake dance is mentioned, there exists a Winter 

 Snake ceremony, which also lasts nine days and is celebrated in Janu- 

 ary of the same year in which the summer ceremony is celebrated. 

 This winter celebration, however, has thus far been studied only partly. 

 It may be stated in a general way that this winter ceremony does not 

 differ essentially from the summer celebration. The same kivas are 

 used, the same altars put up, the same songs chanted as far as observed, 

 etc. But no snakes are used, and instead of the public performance 

 by the Snake and Antelope Fraternities on the ninth day, a Katcina 

 dance usually takes place. These two ceremonies always take place 

 in Oraibi in the years of even numbers. In the years of uneven num- 

 bers a one-day ceremony takes place, called "Baholawu" (baho mak- 

 ing). This one-day celebration^ is practically the same as the Baho- 

 lawu that precedes the Snake ceremony, and which is fully described 

 in the following pages. 



The summer ceremony herein described was observed three times 

 — in 1896, 1898, and 1900 — and the fact that the author speaks the 

 language of the people enabled him to obtain his information, 

 aside from what he personally saw, from the priests direct, and with- 

 out the aid of an interpreter. This and the fact that these observa- 

 tions were, at least to a large extent, based upon the personal confidence 

 these people had in the author, it is hoped, will compensate for any 

 lack of completeness in these notes. , 



' A paper on the different one-day ceremonies in Oraibi is in preparation. 



