Nov., 1903. Oraibi Summer Snake Ceremony — Voth. 281 



Spring), about one-half a mile west of the village, at the foot of the 

 mesa. (See PI. 154.) Those from the south side on the tray, to deposit 

 them at an unidentified place south of the village. Those from the 

 east side of the tray to Yukioma, to be taken to a hill on the east side 

 of the village half-way down the mesa. To each messenger he also 

 gave some of the ptlhus and nakwdkwosis lying on the north-east and 

 south-west sides of the tray. He himself took with him a few yellow 

 pflhus which, I think, he took to the shrine of his ancestral deity, 

 Kohkang Wiihti (Spider Woman). If he also took a bdho and some 

 nakwakwosis, as he did in 1896, it escaped my notice. But as I 

 observed the distribution of these prayer offerings closely,"! am 

 inclined to believe that we have here another of the many variations 

 that occur in the same ceremony in different years, especially in the 

 manufacturing of bahos, ptihus, and nakwakwosis. This part of the 

 Hopi ceremonies is extremely complicated in its details, and much 

 remains to be studied about the origin, meaning, object, and the vari- 

 ations at the different ceremonies, of these prayer offerings. 



The mongwlalawaiya that was to take place in the evening, I did 

 not witness. I was assured by different parties that it did not take 

 place. It will be remembered that the one described in connection 

 with the baholawu of 1896 was based not upon personal observations, 

 but upon a description given by one of the liberals who formerly par- 

 ticipated in it, and it is possible that this part of the Snake ceremony, 

 like so much of this and other Hopi ceremonials, has been discon- 

 tinued, or is at least not observed on every occasion. 



Next morning at sunrise, the crier ascended the house from which 

 religious ceremonies are publicly announced, deposited the prayer 

 offerings in the shrine already mentioned, and then announced the 

 approaching Snake ceremony in the words given in connection with 

 the bdholawu of 1896. This announcement is called "tingapngwu 

 (dance announcement) or chaalawu (crying out). 



PARTICIPANTS. 



It has already been stated that in Ordibi the number of men par- 

 ticipating in the Snake ceremony is always small, owing to the fact 

 that those members of the Snake and Antelope Fraternities, who 

 belong to the liberal party under chief L61olomai, persistently refuse 

 to take part in the ceremony. Following is a list of the participants 

 and their clan relationship as far as recorded: 



