286 Field Columbian Museum — ^Anthropology, Vol. III. 



pot with honey, etc. On one occasion I also noticed in the Snake 

 kiva a small, old skunk^skin with these objects, the presence of which, 

 however, I believe, was accidental, and which, I think, was later 

 fastened to the bow natsi.^ 



Having finished their smoke, the Snake priests at once begin to 

 repair some snake bags and snake whips, to make some nakwdkwosis 

 of eagle feathers, staining them with the red ciita. One of these 

 they tie into their hair, where it is worn throughout the ceremony. 

 It is called dmawnakwa (cloud wish or prayer). Other paraphernalia 

 are brought to the kiva by the chief priest, such as snake bags, sticks, 

 and shipwikas for the snake hunt, etc. The latter is a small triangu- 

 lar, spade-like iron implement, said to have been made by the 

 Spaniards when they were still in the country, but now used by the 

 Snake priests only for digging up snakes on the snake hunts.'' ' 



At about six o'clock in the morning the Snake priest repairs to 

 the Antelope kiva, taking with him a pouch of tobacco and a pipe. 

 Here he and the Chief Antelope priest indulge in a smoke which lasts 

 about half an hour, and during which, as a rule, nothing is spoken 

 except the customary exchange of relationship. At about breakfast 

 time a few more participants usually put in their appearance. After 

 breakfast an extended smoke is indulged in, and after that, prepara- 

 tions are begun to be made for the snake hunt. Nakwdkwosis are 

 made and tied to the snake bags, the hair combed, the bodies painted 

 up, kilts put on, etc. At about half-past ten o'clock in the forenoon, 

 they start on the snake hunt (see PI. 156), north of 'the village. Each 

 man takes with him a shlpwika, one of the small buckskin snake bags, 

 a small bag containing sacred meal, some nakwakwosis, and a few 

 sticks of hohoyaonga (Lesquerella cinerea Watson). The chief priest 

 carries in a bundle, a pouch with tobacco, some pipes, and some food 

 — especially piki. All are attired in a common kilt and moccasins, 

 the body decoration consisting of a pinkish spot on the lower and 

 upper leg, lower and upper arm, forehead, and on each side of the 

 sternum and the spine. The hohoyaonga mentioned is a root and is 

 frequently used during the Snake ceremony. A piece is chewed in 

 the mouth and then spurted on vessels, clothing, and other articles 

 that have been in contact with the participants in the Snake cere- 

 mony; or into springs from which they have drunk during snake 

 hunts, etc. This is done in order to discharm these objects and 



' I am told that if some one has a skin that is suitable for thelaodt a&tsi, he brings it to the 

 Snake kiva where it is smoked on, and thus consecrated, as it were, to be fastened on the n&tsi. 



• In various ceremonies a wona&wika (board or plank wika) is used, which, tradition says, was 

 also used as a weeding implement, and which was superseded by the better ship (iron) wika, made 

 by the Spaniards. 



