HOTSOX. — CULTURE STUDIES OF FUNGI. 237 



dospore' infections gave a crop of ' chlamydospores ' only; the 

 spore-balls gave spore-balls and small reddish-brown, hard-walled 

 perithecia. The walls of the perithecia were smooth and without 

 bristles and the ostiole was small and flush with the surface, i. e., not 

 raised on a papilla or forming a neck . . Berkeley's A. mirabilis thus 

 turns out to be one of the stages in the life history of a Sphaeria." 



The investigations on the pyrenomyeetous forms show more careful 

 work than those under the two preceding headings. In all these there 

 is evidence that pure cultures were used more or less, but in most cases 

 it is uncertain how far the results were thus obtained. 



(1) Discomycetous Forms. 



There have been two fungi described which produce bulbils asso- 

 ciated with discomycetous fructifications, one by Zukal ('86, '86) 

 and the other by Morini ('88). Zukal found two kinds of primordia 

 in connection with his fungus; one, he says, consisted of two or three 

 small mycelial branches which wound about each other and eventually 

 produced reddish-brown bulbils with a cortex of small colorless, 

 almost transparent, cells. The other primordium was made up of a 

 number of hyphae massing themselves together and becoming quite 

 large and, under proper conditions of nutrition, developing into 

 apothecia of the Peziza type; but he does not give a name to this form. 

 This fungus produced conidia abundantly on erect, branched coni- 

 diophores. The conidia are spoken of as colorless, ellipsoidal, smooth, 

 and they appear in clusters upon the ends of short sterigmata. Zukal's 

 cultures were grown on ahsorbant paper saturated with Leibig's 

 extract, but there is no evidence in his article that these were pure 

 cultures, or that the life history of the fungus was carefully traced 

 from ascospore to bulbil. 



Morini C88) describes "bulbil-like" bodies associated with Lachnea 

 theleboloides (A. & S.) Sacc. in old cultures. Since these occurred 

 only in cultures that had run for a long time, in which the nutrient 

 was probably largely exhausted by the previous growth of the fungus, 

 and since the development was largely the same as that of the apothe- 

 cium, Morini considers that the bulbils of L. theleboloides are abortive 

 apothecia and, further, that they are analagous to the similar struct- 

 ures described by Eidam, Karsten, et al. He apparently has used 

 pure cultures in his investigation, but to what extent his results were 

 obtained from such cultures could not be determined from his paper. 



