230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



forms among the main groups of Higher Fungi. The forms associated 

 with bulbiferous conditions which are herewith enumerated include 

 among the Discomycetes, a new species of Cubonia; among the 

 Hypocreales, three species of Melanospora; and among the Basidio- 

 mycetes at least four types; while nine species of Papulospora as 

 yet unconnected with a perfect form are added to those already known. 

 Among the latter also, Papulospora Candida Sacc. has been found to be 

 associated with a second and well marked imperfect form, namely 

 V-erticilliuiii agaricinum var. claviseditm. In the life histories that have 

 been worked out, the results have been obtained from pure cultures 

 which, in many cases, have run for a number of years, and care has 

 been taken to avoid any errors resulting from contamination. 



In view of the very general occurrence of bulbils, it is somewhat 

 surprising that more attention has not been given to them. The 

 literature on the subject is quite limited and the accounts given often 

 conflicting. Preuss, Karsten and Eidam did their work at a time 

 when Mycology was in a more or less transitional condition, the 

 modern bacteriological methods had not yet been applied to the 

 cultivation of fungi, a fact which may account to a certain extent for 

 the varied and often conflicting opinions of these earlier writers. 

 Certain more recent contributions, however, have given us more 

 accurate information as to certain isolated forms and the investiga- 

 tions of Mattirolo, Berlese, Bainier and Lyman have suggested or 

 demonstrated the actual relationships of certain forms to species 

 among the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, of which they prove 

 to be imperfect conditions. There has been no attempt, however, 

 so far as the present writer is aware, to investigate the general subject 

 of bulbiferous fungi. 



The need of further examination of the morphology and develop- 

 ment of bulbils was suggested by Professor Roland Thaxter, under 

 whose direction and supervision the work has been conducted. The 

 problem was begun and finished in the Cryptogamic Laboratories of 

 Harvard University, some culture work and collections of material 

 being done in California while the writer was connected with Pomona 

 College. 



It is a pleasant duty for the writer to acknowledge, at this point, 

 his indebtedness to those who have rendered him assistance in carry- 

 ing on this research: especially to Professor Thaxter are grateful 

 acknowledgments due, for suggestions, kindly advice and encourage- 

 ment, and for placing at the writer's disposal many dried specimens 

 and tube cultures of bulbils which had been collected by him, and for 



