CHAPTER V. — COMPARATIVE REVIEW. — ASCOMFCETES. 185 



Literature : — 



Protomyces. 

 De Bary, Beitr. z. Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, I, where the older literature is cited ; — Id. 

 in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 81. 



Ustilagineae. 

 LEVEILLE in Ann. d. sc. nat. se'r. 2, XI, 1839. — Article Uredine'es in d'Orbigny's Diet. 



d'hist. nat. 

 TuLASNE, Memoire sur les Ustilagine'es comparees aux Uredine'es (Ann. d. sc. nat. se'r. 



3, VII, 1847); — Id., Second Memoire sur les Uredinees et les Ustilagine'es (Ann. 



d. sc. nat. se'r. 4, II). 

 De Bary, Unters. ii. d. Brandpilze, Berlin, 1853 (this work and Tulasne's memoirs give 



the older literature) ; — Id., in Flora, 1854, p. 648 ;— Id., Protomyces microsporus u. 



seine Verwandten in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 81 (Entyloma). 

 J. KuHN, Die Krankheiten d. Culturgewachse, Aufl. 2 unaltered, Berlin, 1859; — Id. in 



Fiihling's Landw. Zeitsch. 1879, p. 81 (according to Just's Jahresber.). 



A. Fischer v. Waldheim, Beitr. z. Biol. u. Entw. d. Ustilagineen (Pringsheim, Jahrb. 

 VII, 1869). This work contains copious accounts of the older writers and literary 

 minutiae. See also another work by the author not properly belonging to this place, 

 Les Ustilagin^es et leurs plantes nourricieres (Ann. d. sc. nat. se'r. 6, IV). 



R. Wolff, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Ustilagineen (Urocystis occulta) in Bot. Ztg. 1876, p. 

 657 ; — Id., Der Brand d. Getreides, Halle, 1874 ; — Id. in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 814. 



G. Winter, Einige Notizen ii. d. Familie d. Ustilagineen (Flora, 1876, Nr. 10). 



J. SCHROTER, Bemerkungen und Beobachtungen ii. einige Ustilagineen (Cohn's Beitr. 

 z. Biol. II, pp. 349 and 435). 



E. Prillieux, Ouelques observations sur la formation et la germination des Spores des 

 Urocystis (Ann. d. sc. nat. se'r. 6, X, 1880). 



A. B. Frank, Die Krankheiten d. Pflanzen, Breslau, 1880, p. 419. 



M. WORONIN in Beitr. z. Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, V, Frankf. 1882 (Tuburcinia u. 

 Keimungen). 



M. CORNU, Contributions a l'dtude d. Ustilag. (Bull. soc. Bot. de France, Aug. 1883) ; — 

 Id. in Ann. d. sc. nat. sen 6, XV (1883). 



Ed. Fischer, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Gattung Graphiola (Bot. Ztg. 1883). 



Brefeld, Bot. Unters. ii. Hefenpilze, Leipzig, 1883. 



ASCOMYCETES. 



General characters. Sporocarps. 



Section LIX. The group of the Fungi known as the Ascomycetes contains 

 an enormous number of species, but all its members have their bodies composed 

 of branched hyphae which are always septate, and they are all distinguished by 

 the formation of their spores in asci, as has been described in section XIX, from 

 which peculiarity they derive their name. Putting aside the species which will 

 be noticed at the conclusion of the division as doubtful Ascomycetes, the asci 

 of this group are sporocarps in the sense of section XXXIII, or parts of sporocarps, 

 and in the latter case are often collected several or many together into hymenia 

 (section XII). 



