42 DIVISION I. — GENERAL MORPHOLOGY, 



the names Clavaria complanata and C. scutellata after the sclerotia to the two 

 species which are scarcely distinguishable except by the sclerotia. 



Pistillaria niicans (Sclerotium laetum, Ehr.). P. licileraccola, Ces. 



Clavaria minor, Lev. (which also belongs to Typhula). 



4. Hypoclmus centrifugals, Tul. 



5. Coprinus stercorarius, Fr. (Sclerotium stercorarium), C. niveus, Fr. (Hansen.) 

 Agaricus racemosus, P. (Sclerotium lacunosum). — A. tubcrosus, Bull. (Sclerotium 



cornutum). — A. cirrhatus, P. (?) is the name which I have given above to the small 

 white Agaric which grows from Sclerotium fungorum. Other Agarics are also said 

 to form sclerotia: A. tuber regium, Fr., A. arvalis (Sclerotium vaporarium). — A. 

 grossus, Le'v., A. fusipes, Bull., A. volvaceus (from Sclerotium mycetospora, Nees 

 in Nov. Acta Nat. Cur. XVI, 1), &c. Sclerotium pubescens, P., Sclerotium truncorum, 

 Fr. were supposed to be connected with such Agarics, on which point see Leveille 

 and Tulasne. The statements and determinations are many of them doubtful, and 

 more accurate investigations are required. 



6. Tulostoma pedunculatum, Tul. (Schroter). 



There are a large number of tuber-like compound Fungus-bodies the real character 

 of which is still doubtful ; our ignorance of their structure or development makes 

 it impossible to decide whether they are sclerotia or some other formation. Among 

 these are Pietra fungaja of South Italy, which is formed of the mycelium of Polyporus 

 tuberaster, Jacq. rolled up into solid masses with bits of soil, stones, and the like ; 

 and the tuberous fungoid bodies named Mylitta, Sclerotium stipitatum, Berk., 

 Sclerotium Cocos, Schweinitz, which grow beneath the surface of the ground to the 

 . size of a fist or a head and are known only in the sterile state, with some others. 

 Swellings in the substance of phanerogamous plants such as the tubercles on the 

 roots of the Leguminosae, which were once mistaken for sclerotia, require no 

 further notice here. 



Section IX. Besides the sclerotia which have been described above with 

 well-marked characters morphological and biological there is a motley assemblage of 

 compound Fungus-bodies, which approach the sclerotia in their biological character, 

 but cannot be classed with them from a strict morphological point of view. Such 

 bodies may be termed sclerotioid, or, for brevity's sake, simply sclerotia, if we do not 

 thereby infer their identity with true sclerotia. The biological agreement between these 

 bodies and sclerotia consists in similarity of structure, in their being storehouses 

 of reserve-material and in their normally passing through a period of rest, after 

 which the)- proceed to a further development. Morphologically they are 



1. Transitory resting stages of mycelia, which under favourable circumstances 

 again develope into filamentous mycelia. Such are the small fatty tubers which are 

 the resting stage of the mycelium of Ilartig's Rosellinia qucrcina, and perhaps for- 

 mations like Sclerotium Cocos and others mentioned above as of doubtful character. 



2. Perithecia, winch when developed enter upon a long period of rest, 

 and assume at the same time the form and structure of a sclerotium; these do 

 not ultimately produce sporophores, but develope in their interior the asci, which 

 an- the characteristic organs of reproduction in perithecia. Of this kind are some 

 species of Pleospora and Penicillium, which will be fully described in Division II. 

 The 'sclerotia' of the Aspergilli of Wilhelm are certainly homologous with the 

 perithecia of Penicillium and are also biologically analogous with them. 



3. The bodies, which may still retain the old name of xylorna, and which differ 

 for the most part from sclerotia only in their less definite shape and outline, and in 



