DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 409 



leiigtU ofhead; V. H; IMS; height 7 in total; liead (i. Iiiterorbital area 24 iuhead, wiual 

 to eye. Snoiit 4| in head. Teeth iu villiform bauds. Gill-rakers very short, minute, about 

 18 below the angle. No pseudobranclii;e. Barbel 2i in <'ye. 



The type, nuiuber 37.'?37, is a young specimen, 1G2 millimeters long, obtained by the 

 AllMtfoss at station 2398, N. lat. 28° 45', W. long. 8Go 20', at a depth of 227 fathoms. 



LIONURUS, Gunther. 

 Lioiiurus (as subgenus), GfNTllER, Challenger Repurt, xxii, 12t. 



A genus resembling il/((crH/v/.'(, but with imbricated, smooth, and tlaceid scales; soft, 

 cavernous bones; small eye; filamentous ventral ray; minute barbel, and projecting, pointed 

 snout. A characteristic bathybial type. 



Giiuther's Macninis microlcpis, [loc. cit.) from off Matuku, Fiji Islands, 315 fathoms, is 

 provisionally referred by him to this division, though based upon immature specimens. 



Lionnrnfi Uolepis, Gilbert (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 117), was taken by the 

 Albatross, off the coast of California, in G93 fathoms. 



LIONURUS FILICAUDA, Gunther. (Figure .Si2. ) 



Coryphmioides (Lionunt») Jilicaiida, Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878; Challenger Report, xxii, 27, 

 pi. xxxiv, fig. B. 



Snout considerably projecting beyond the mouth, iiointed in the middle; it is twice as 

 long as the eye, which is unu.sually small, only half as wide as the interorbital space. 

 Mouth rather wide, extending beyond the center of the eye. Upper teeth villiform, in a 

 very narrow band, those of the mandible very small, biserial. Barbel minute. Pr.x'oper- 

 culum with the angle produced backwards, broadly rounded and creniilated on the margin. 

 Tlie terminal portion of the tail is prolonged into a long filament, more slender than in 

 any of the other species. Bones of the head soft. 



Scales of moderate size, thin, cycloid, and deciduous; six or seven in a transverse 

 series between the first dorsal spine and the lateral line; snout and inferior half of the 

 infraorbital region naked. The second dorsal spine slender, with the barbs in front very 

 inconspicuous and sometimes entirely absent. The distance between the two dorsal fius is 

 less than the length of the head. The outer ventral ray produced into a short filament. 

 Distance between vent and isthmus less than the length of the head. 



Uead and trunk whitish, tail brownish, lower part of the head and gill-opening black. 

 {(iiinthcr.) 



Kadial formula: 1). 11; P. 20; V. 9; C^c. pyl. 7. 



The Challenger obtained this species from the Antarctic Ocean and from the deep sea 

 on both sides of the South American Continent: from station 325, at a depth of 2,050 

 fathoms; from station 323, at a depth of 1,900 fathoms; from station 299, at a depth of 2,160 

 fiithoms; from station 158, at a depth of 1,800 fathoms; front station 157, at a depth of 1,950 

 fathoms, and from station lJ(i, at a dei)th of 1,375 fathoms. 



Dr. Gunther holds that this species is clearly one of those of the family which extend to 

 the greatest depths, since the small eye, the soft bones, the lack of firmness in the scales, 

 and the filamentous tail iinlicatc its abyssal abode. 



TRACHONURUS, Gunther. 

 TriicliDiiuriis (as subgenus), GiJNTnF.n, Challenger Report, xxii, 1887, 124. 



A genus resembling Macrurus in form and dentition, but witli incomplete squamation, 

 the skin being densely studded with erect spines, strongest at the bases of the vertical 

 fins, space between the vent and ventral scaleless; snout short, conjpressed : interorbital 

 ridge obsolete; mouth small, lateral. 



In addition to the tyi)e species, M. rillosxs, Giinther (Challenger Kejujrt, xxii, 142, pi. 

 XXXVI, fig. B) from Japan, 345 fathoms, and the Philippines, 500 fathoms, our Malacocephaliis 

 srdcatiis appears to belong to this group. 



