14 DEEP-SEA riSHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



CENTROPHORUS CALCEUS, Lowi:. 



CiiitrophoruK calccus (Lowe), Uocaiik ami Capkllo, Aiiuutiiiiieiiliis Iclilli. di- I'lirlnnal, Pcixi'S I'lafiicist., 



Lislion, 1866, 28. 

 Acanthidium culreiis, LoWK, 1'. Z. S., Loud., IHIHI, 93. 

 Cvntrophorus calccus, Lowk, Ioc cit. 1843, 93.— HoCACi? ami CArKl.l.o. I'lixcs Plagiosi., 28, jil. 2, li^. 1.— 



Capello, Joni. Acad. .Sc. Lisboa, ii, 144.— (iuxTiiKU, Cat., vm, 423. 

 Centrophoriis crcpidalhiia, Capki.lo, Pioc. Zool. Soc, 1864, 261, fij;. 2.— ('at. Peix. I'oit.. 1880, 48. 



The labial fold exteiid.s for some distance aloug the inargiu of the .jaws. Siiout spatulato, 

 much produced, the distance between the nostrils being less than one third of the length of 

 the pra-oral portion of the snout. Lower angle of the pectoral fin rounded, not produced; 

 the length of the bases of the two dorsal flus (without the spines) is nearly e(iunl, an<l one- 

 half of the distance between them; extremity of the ventral tins below the mitldle of tlie 

 second fhirsal fin. The scales are small, triensjnd, and so minute as to give a velvety appear- 

 ance to the skin. [GUnther.) 



This form occurs off the coasts of I'ortugal and Madeira. 



CENTROSCYMNUS, Bocage and Capello. 



Centrosci/muits, Boc.V(tK and Capeixd, Proo. ZoiJl. Soc, 1864, 263; (type, Cenlriincymiinsciclolepia, Bocage and 



Capello). — Jordan ami GiLREitT, Bull, xvi, V. S. Xat. Mns., 17. 

 Centroscymnm (subgenus], Gi'NTMKR, Oat. Fisb. Brit. Mas., vill, 423. 



Dorsal tins each with a spine, which is hidden hcUxr the skin. Mouth wide, but little 

 arched; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side of the mouth. Teeth of the lower 

 jaw oblique, with the point more or less directed outwards; upper teeth lanceolate, on a 

 quadrangular base, with a single cusp. Spiracles wide, behind tlie eye. (Jill o]tenings narrow. 



CENTROSCYMNUS CCELOLEPIS, Boiauk and Capf.i.i.o. (Figure 13.) 



CentroBcymnim cwlolepi^, Bocace and Capello, Proc. Zoiil. Soc, 1864, 263, lig. 4; Peix. Plagiost., 39, pi. 2, 

 fig. 3. — C.VPELLO, .Torn. Aiad. Sc. Lisb., ii, 144, plate of teeth; Cat. Peix. Port., 1880, 49. — Whkmit, 

 Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1868, 426.— Goode and Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 1877, 30.— Vaili.axt, Exp. Scient. 

 Trav. and Talisman, 63, pi. ii, Hg.l. 



Ccnlrophonis cceloiepis, Guxthek, op.cil., vili, 423. 



Labial groove prolonged forwards, but separated by a broad space from that of the 

 other side. Upper teeth very small, narrow and lanceolate. The distance between the nos- 

 trils is rather less than one-half the length of the prieoral portion of the snout. Lower angle 

 of the pectoral rounded, not i)roduced. Dorsal tins short, csjiecially the first, the length of 

 which (without the spine) is only about one-sixth its distance from the second; extremity of 

 the ventrals below the end of the second dorsal. Scales on the head and nape with stria-; 

 the others smooth, with a depression at the base. Uniform blacUisli brown. (Giinthcr.) 



Capello records the species from Setubal, and J. Y. Johnson obtained an exam])le from 

 the sea of Madeira. The species is abundant on the offshore banks of New England, at the 

 depth of L'OO fathoms and more. It is ovoviviparous, like KqKalus. 



The uaturali.sts of the French expedition made some very interesting observations ui)on 

 the breeding habits of this .shark, in August, 1881. Most of the females were in condition of 

 gestation. The number of young varied from thirteen to fifteen. These were of various 

 sizes — from 10 to KiO nnlliineters — and Vaillaiit, in his rejiort (p. Gli), gives interesting 

 details concerning thein. It is the idea of Yaillant that tiiese females, at the approach of 

 the breeding season, come nearer to the surface of the water in order to find a greater h(>at, 

 the temperature at tlie great depths where they are supi)osed ordinarily to live not being 

 sufficient to develop the young. He remarks, however, that the sjiecimeiLS taken near 

 Setubal, in deeper water were evidently very near the period of ]iarturition, and that it is 

 evident that the removal to warmer temperature is not always indisiieusable. 



