8 DKEl'-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



Sciimiiiis honalh, Fi.EMlxc;, lUitisli Animals, 1828, 166. — Yaruell. Brit. Fish., Ist eti.. II. 403. 2d p<I., ii, 527. — 

 SwAl.Nsox, Fisshcs, ii. 315. — Nii.ssd.v, Skaml. Fauna, iv, 721. — Tilo.Mi'sox, Nat. Hist. Iivlauil, iv. 2.55. 



Lamiargiix hoiTulh, MCi.lkh and Hi:xi,K, op. cil., 1838, 93. — Gai.makd, Voy. Groenland, I'oiss., pl. .xxii. — Yak- 

 nv.iA., op. ril.. 3il ed.. II, 521— UiMEiiii,. IcUth.. i, 4.55, jil. V, figs. 1-2.— Gc-xtiier, Cat. Fi.sli. Brit. Mns., 

 VIII, 426. 



Sciimniis honalis, MCli.eu ami Hexi.i:, op. ril.. 93. 



Sciimiiii.i !/lnci(i!is, Faber, Fisclio Islands, 1829,23. — Nil.s.so.x, Prodr. Iclitli. Skand.. 116. 



Scjimniis Giiiiueri, Richardson, Fauna Boieali — Ameriraiia. iii, 313. 



Sijiialua norwvijianus, Blainviu.e, Faunc Frangaise, 61. 



Squaliis norvefilcas, Gray, Groiiow. Syst. Irlitli., 8. 



Srymims mwroplvnut, Valencikxxes, Nouv. Auu. Mus., i, 1831. 151, ]>1. xx. 



Li'iodoii icliinnliim. AVooD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Ii, 171. 



A Sumiiio.sn.'i with body robust, rnpidly tapi'riiiji bcliiiid, it.s jircatest doptli about oiio- 

 fiftli its length; iiioutli transverse, moderate, witli deep }>r<>ove at its aii};le; upper jaw with 

 five lows of small lancet -shai)od toeth, lower jaw with about six rows of broad, (piadraiij;nlar 

 teeth, divided in their centers by a i)erpeiidicnlar ridp' and directed outward; about 

 twenty-six teeth on each side; spiracles present, small; skin with tine tulien'les; tins small, 

 the first dorsal about as larg-e as the \entrals and larger tlian tiie second dorsal and both 

 spineless; pectorals short; caudal short and l)luntish 



The Nurse Shark beloiij;'s to the northern parts of the Xortli Atlantic and the Arctic 

 Ocean. Twenty or more have Ijeen taken about the I'.ritish Isles within the past century, 

 chiefly along the northern shores, though one has been seen otf Suffolk, and one in l.S.')2 was 

 found in the estuary of the Thames. In the western Atlantic it has not been seen south of 

 Caiie Cod. Three came ashore at Provincetown in 1S4S-4!), one at Portland, Me., in lS4(i, 

 and one about Cape Ami before ISIS, when Le Sueur saw and described its stuffed skin at 

 Marblehead. About Greenland it is frequent near the shores, as it is also ott' Iceland and 

 Norway, and the jaws are often seen in ethnographical collections, being used by the Eski- 

 mo to make a rude tiara-like headdress. Curiously enough, this sluggish shark is a, deter- 

 niined enemy of the wlnile, and bites great lumps of flesh from its body, as Scoresliy has 

 recorded in his "Arctic Itegions." 



Somniosus descends to considerable depths, and, as Liitl<en has shown. dc])osits its 

 numerous soft, globuhir (\ggs, devoid of protective covering, in the soft mud in the bottom 

 of the deep sea. — (Liitken, Vid.-Mcdd., 1S79-'S0, ])p. oti-til. Zoological llecord, 1S74. Day, 

 Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland, ii, 321]. 



SomninsK.^ roalrafiis [Scymnnx roxtrdtns, Tiisso=L*(7«rt/Y/(/.s rn.sfrdfiis., Caiiestrini), is a 

 form recognized by Italian naturalists from a very few individuals obseived about Nice an<l 

 Genoa. It lives a (/raiule 2»''>/'>ii<litu (Caiiestrini) and attains the length of ](» decimeters. 



Family ECHINORH IN ID>E. 



ECHINORHINUS, Blainville. 



Echiiwrhiniis, Hi.aixvillk, Bull. Sci., 1S16, 121; Faunc Franvaise, 66. — lioNAPAiMi;, Icim. Faun. Hal., in. Cast-. 



XIII, 1836, No. 138.— Mri.l.Eli and Hexle, S. B. Flag., 1841, 96.— OfNTliEit, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 



428.— .Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 13. 

 Goniodm, Aoas.siz, Poiss. Fuss., iii [lyjie (loniodiis spinosiis, pl. E, Ii;;. 13|. 



Scymnoid sharks with t wo small siiineless dorsal tins, Ihe first o))posite the ventrals; anal 

 fins lacking, pectoral and caudal but slightly developed, the latter wiih no pit at its ba.se. 

 Mouth crescentic with a labial fold around its angle; nostrils midway between the nioutii and 

 the end of the snout. Teeth in both jaws very obliijue with smooth cutting edges, the points 

 being turned outward; two or more strong cusps on each side of the ])rincipal point. No 

 nictitating memltrane. Sj tirades small; gill openings of inodeiate width. Skin wilh .scat- 

 tered, round, ]irickly tuljercles, each leaving a scar when detached. 



ECHINORHINUS SPINOSUS, (Gmeux), Bi.ainvii.i.e. (FiRureO.) 



Sqiiahis npinoniin, Gmei.in, in Linn., Syst. Nat., 1788, I, 1.500. — LACtrEDF,, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 283, ]il. lii, fig. 



2.— ScilXEiDER, Syst. Ichth. of Bloch, 1801, 136.— Risso, Ichth. Nici-, 42. 

 Sci/mnm apinosus, Cuviek, Kogiif Animal, 1817, ii, 131, — liisso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mrrid., I'oiss., in, 130. 



