98 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



II. Dorsal nearly meflian. 



A. Dorsal slightly in advance of anal, its posterior rays overlapping anterior rays of same. 



A. Body rather elongate, its height about one-eighth of its length. 



1. Teeth in double rows in intermaxillary and mandible. Fangs on vomer. Air bladder absent. 

 Scales present Yarrf.lla 



B. Body very elongate, its height one- twelfth to one-eighteenth of its length. 



1. Teeth small, unequal. Scales large, thin, deciduous DirLornos 



III. Dorsal far in advance of ana), and but slightly behind ventrals. 



A. Vomerine fangs. Air bladder present. Scales present. Teeth in maxillary eqvial in size 



PUOTICHTHYS 



GONOSTOMA, Rafinesque. 



Gonostoma, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., genus xx vii, p. 64. Bonap^vete, Fauna Italica, Pesci, fasc. xxvii. 



Body oblong, compressed, covered with large scales, subequal in size. Series of lumi- 

 nous (pbo-spliorescent) spots run along the brancbiostegous membrane, lower parts of tbe 

 body, and tail. Head conical, much compressed, Avitli the bones tbin. Cleft of the mouth very 

 wide; intermaxillary short, not extending far below the level of the eye; maxillary much 

 longer, forming nearly the entire margin of the jaw; jaws armed with a single series of 

 teeth, unequal in size, minute ones alternating with long, pointed teeth. A band of minute 

 teeth on the palatine and pterygoid bones; palatine with a few conical teeth in front. Eye 

 of moderate size. Pectoral and ventral fins well developed. Dorsal fin on the hinder half 

 of the body opposite the anal ; adipose fin small, sometimes fimbriated. Anal long. Cau- 

 dal forked. Gill oiiening very wide, the outer branchial arch extending forward to behind 

 the symi)hysis of the lower jaw, and beset with very long gill rakers. Branchiostegals, 

 To or 14. Pseudobrauchise none. Air bladder none. 



GONOSTOMA DENUDATUM, Eafinesque. (Fig. 116.) 



Gonostoma denudata, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., 65. — Bonapakte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, fasc. xxvii, 1840, 



fig. 11. CuviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxii, 376. — Johnson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



Hist., X, 1862, 279.— GuNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., v, 391; Challenger Report, xxii, 172.— Vaii,- 



LANT, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, 102. 

 Ga8tero2>elecii8 acanthurus, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lit., 1829, No. 77. 

 Gonostomus acanthurus,C0CC0, Lett, su Salmoni ; B. pi. 1, fig. 1 ; Nov. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, fasc. 9, p. 3, pi. 



I, fig. 1. 



The height of the body is contained 5 J times in the total length (without caudal) ; the 

 length of the head 4 times. Jaws heterodout, the intermaxillary being armed with L', the 

 maxillary with about 12 large, distinct teeth, the spaces between them being filled with very 

 small teeth ; lower jaw similarly armed with 10 or 11 large teeth. The entire cheek is cov- 

 ered by the enormously enlarged infiaorbital. {Gilnther.) 



Eadial formula: D. 14-15; A. 30-31; P. 11-12; V. 8; L. lat. 30. 



This species is known to be common in the Mediterranean and the neighboring parts of 

 the Atlantic, especially off Madeira. 



Its first occurrence in the western Atlantic was in 1881, when it was trawled by the 

 Fish Hawk off the New England coast. It was also obtained by the AlhatroHs, at station 

 2665 in 263 fathoms, and by the French expedition, in 1,180 meters, off the coast of Morocco 

 and off the Cape Yerdes, in 400-580 meters. 



GONOSTOMA BREVIDENS, Kner & Steindachner. (Figure 117.) 



Oonostoma brevidena, Kner & Steindachner, Sitzb. Atad. Wissensch., Vienna, lxi, 1870, 443. 



Body elongate, compressed, its height one-sixth of total (without caudal); length of 

 head nearly one-fourth. Diameter of eye equal to length of snout, and about one-fifth length 

 of head. Interorbital space about two-thirds diameter of eye. Mouth opening large, obhque, 

 lower jaw projecting; upjier jaw reaches back to the angle of the ])n'opercuIum, and is 

 convex on its lower edge. Intermaxillary, maxillnry, and mandible provided with a single 

 row cf sharp teeth, unequal in size. Tongue toothless. Two stronger teeth near the sym- 



