DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 479 



TRACHYPTERUS AECTICUS, (Brunnichj, Nilsson. (Figure 392.) 



Gymnngnatfr arcticiiJt, BRi'NNiCH, Nye Samniluu!>; Dausk. Vid. Selsk. 8kr., iii, p. 408, pi. B, tigs. 1-3. 



GyniKflnig nrclicus, .Jenyn.s, British Animals. 



Trachi/jilerus aicticiis, NiLssox, Skaud. Fauna, Fisk., 162. — DUGiiD, Proi'. Zwil.. Soc, 1851, 116. — GrxiHER, 



Cat. Fish. Brit. Miis.. iii, 305.— Coi-lett, Norges Fiske, 78; Vid. .Selsk. Forli., Christiania, 1879, 1, .59. — 



Day, Irishes Great Britain and Ireland, i, 216, pi. LXiii. 

 liogmuriis islniidicKs, SCHNEII>ER, Bloi-h, .Systema Ichthyologiie, 1801, 518, pi. ci. 

 Trachi/plenia hogmariis, CrviEK and V.^lenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.. x, 346, el al. 

 Traych!;i>tcriin rofimnnts, Reinhardt, Vid. Selsk. Skr., vii, D. 65, it al. 



A Trochi/pfenis Laving tbe dorsal rays smooth, and the height of the body foiitaiiied 

 5 times, or a little more, in its length. 



An elaborate description taken from specimens studied at Norwich, Newcastle, and 

 Montrose, will be found in Day's Fishes of Great Britain. This species occurs from Tee- 

 land to the Orkneys and the shores of the British i.sles. The largest Britisli example is 7^ 

 feet long, but Day is of the opinion that it grows to a much larger size. 



It would seem jnobable that studies similar to that made by Emery upon the Italian 

 forms will result in uniting with this species al.sn T. Riippellii and T. Uopterus. 



TRACHYPTERUS RliPPELLII, Gi sther. 

 TraclujpleruK JUippellii, Gi'NTHEH, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 307. 



A Trdchypterus having height of body contained about S times in its total length; 

 smooth dorsal rays and spinous lateral line. 



Eadial formula: D. 6/1.35; A. none; C. 8; P. 10. 



Color, silvery, a very distinct black spot at the commencement of the second tifth of 

 the total length ; another, sometimes present, farther back on the body. 



Tliis species was described by Giinther from a specimen 51 inches in length obtained 

 somewhere in the Mediterranean, and now preserved in the British Mu.seum. 



TRACHYPTERUS LIOPTERUS, Cuvier and VALE^■cl£^-NES. 



,' Bogmarus JristoteVts, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., Ill, 1829, 297. 



Travhjipterus lioplenis, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 312. — Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 

 France, ii, 562. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., in, 307. 



A Truchyptertts having the height of the body contained fi-om 9 to 10 times iu its total 

 length. Smooth dorsal rays. Spiny lateral line. 



Radial formula: D. 6-7 + 109-174; C. 8-6; P. 12; A. none; V. i, 7. 



Color, silvery white, with a blackish spot in the first fifth of its length, and sometimes, 

 according to Valenciennes and Giinther, a second spot behind it. 



This species, according to Giinther, closely resembles T. frachi/ptn-ns, but in tlie smooth- 

 ness of the dorsal rays is more nearly related to T. nrcficus. 



Specimens have been obtained at Nice, Naples, Toulon, Genoa, and Messina. In the 

 opinion of Giglioli it is very distinct from the other Mediterranean forms. 



TRACHYPTERUS CRISTATUS, Bonelli. 



Traclnjplcru/t crhlaiun, BONELLI. Mem. Accad. Sci. Tnrin, xxiv, 1819, 487, pi. ix. — GfNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. 



Mus., Ill, 301. — MoREAU, Hist. Nat. Poiss. I'rance, ii, 567. 

 Trachijplcrits BonelUi, CuviER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 331. 



A Trachyptcriis characterized by having the lower profile of the trunk mu('h more 

 prominent than that of the tail, Mhich is narrow and slender, and by an unusually small 

 nund)er of rays in the dorsal fin. It has ii spiny lateral line. 



Color, silvery, with the fins red, and usually two blackish spots on the dorsal crest and 

 five others upon the posterior half of the dorsal. 



The type specimen in the museum at Genoa has, according to Giinther, miu'li the aji- 

 pearance of a deformed fish. Giinther calls attention to the fact that Kisso described a 



