DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 485 



Family LOPHIIDyE. 



/ Lofidi, Rafin ESQUE, Indicp d'ltHologia Siciliaiia, 1810. 42. 



Lophikhr, SWAIN-.SOX, Nat. Hist. Kisli., 18,39, ii, 19.5. 



Lophiuhr, BuNAPARTK, Catalojjo Metodico, 184(5-70. 



Lophikln; Gill, Proc. Acail. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 89; Arr. Faiiiilins n( Fishes, 1872. 2.— Jordan & Gilbert, 



Bull. XVI, U. S. N. M., 844 (full description). 

 Lopliioidei. Bleekkr, Tentainen, 1859, xvi. 



Head wide, depressed, very large. Body contracted, conical, tapering rapidly back- 

 ward from the shoulders. Mouth exceedingly large, terminal, opening into an enormous 

 .stomach; upper jaw protractile; maxillary without supplementary bone; lower jaw pro- 

 jecting; both jaws with very strong, unequal, cardiform teeth, some of the teeth canine- 

 like, most of them depressible; vomer and palatines usually with strong teeth. Gill 

 openings comparatively large, in the lower axil of the pectorals, rseudobranchite present. 

 Gill rakers none. Skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal flaps about the head. 

 Spinous dorsal of •> isolated tentacle-like spines on the head and 3 smaller ones behind, 

 which form a continuous hn; second dorsal moderate, similar to the anal; i)ectoral mem- 

 bers scarcely geniculated, each with two actinosts and with elimgate pseudobrachia ; 

 ventrals jugular, i, .5, widely separated. Pyloric cteca present. (Jonhni and Githert.) 



The family Lophlidw has two genera, Lophim and Lophiomiis, Gill. The latter is 

 distinguished by the diminished number of vertebrse (about 19), and has for its type Lophi- 

 omiix setujenis, (Wahl), Gill, fruiii the coasts of China and Japan.' 



LOPHIUS, Artedi. 



LophiuK, Artepi, Genera Piscium, 62. — Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x. ll'M, i. 236 — Cuvier, Regne Animal, ed. I, 



1817, 308.— GiiNTHER, Cat Fi.sli, Brit. Mus., ii, 178. 

 LniiJiioptsiK, GuiCHENOT. 



Loi>hiid flslies, with head large, subcircular in front, cranial i)orfion somewhat elevated, 

 lower jaw much projecting. .laws with stout carditVu-m teeth in L' or .i alternate series: 

 vomer dentigerous. 



Branchiai 3, the lirst bratu'hial aicli without lamelhe. 



Anterior cephalic spine elongated, tentacular, with fleshy tip. Ventral fins very large, 

 winglike in young, decreasing with maturity, but always large. 



Body naked, head always s]»inigerous, especially in the yonng, and with .strong com- 

 posite .spines at angles of cejihalic disc. 



Vertebra^, in considerable number (27-31). Lophius has three niwcios: L. jiisadoriiis, 

 described below, and L. hiiih'finsxa, Spinola, confined to the Mediterranean, ami distinguished 

 from all other Lophiids by its shorter second dorsal and its sim|)lc lanceolate humeral spine, 

 and Lophius Narexii, Giinther, found at a depth of 15(» fathoms north of N^ew Guinea, 115 

 fathoms, Philippines, and at the Admiralty Islands. 



The Mediterrtincan L. I)i((lr;/(iss(i, iSpinola, and the form from tlieOliina Sea, Lophiomiis 

 S(;f)7/^'r((s, will doubtless also be found to have an abyssal range, since they, like the Atlantic 

 form, are well adapted to life at great depths. 



I.OPHIUS PISCATORIUS, Linx.ems. (Figuns 400, 400 .\. B.) 



Lophius phcatorlits, LiNN/EUS, Systoma Naturse, ed. X, 17.58, I, p. 236.— Gill, Proe. U. S. N. M., i, 1878. 219 

 (.selected synonymy, 17.")8-1872).— Goode, Proc. IT. S. N. M., iii, p. 469.— GCntiiei!, Challenger Re- 

 port, XXII, 49. — Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, 1888, 348. 



LopliiiiH amnicaiiiin, Storer., Hist. Fish. Mass., 1807, 101, |)1. xviii, fig. 2. 



This well-known form, which is found throughout the North Atlantic Basin and on the 

 east ranges south to the Cape of Good Hope, needs no description here, except the very 

 brief diagnosis, given by Gill as follows: A Lophius \vith a tridcutate humeral spine, 11-12 

 rays in the dorsal fin, and the mouth behind the liyoid l)oiie imniaculatc. It occurs on the 

 west coast of Scandinavia noith to latitude 69'3-71°, and in America as far north as 



1 Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, p. 552. 



