490 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC liASIN. 



|(;iiilli> iiiodo liri-vior. Ldiiyitudo pinna' candalisLinccolata' dhniilia totiuspiscisloiig-itiidme 

 panim brevior; lonuitndo jiiima' jx'ctoralis vicesiniani ft'iinc a'(|iians loiniitudinis totiiis 

 piscis partem. Mcnibiana coniiingcns ])iniia' (l(»isalis inisti'iiuris pinnaMjuc analis ad basin 

 pinuse caudalis I'eie extensa. Nnmt'ius lad. pin. dors. 1 + 1 -(--I : pcct. 10; anal. 4; caud. >>. 



MANCALIAS, Gill. 



Mancaliax, Gll.l-, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., i, 1878, 227 [type, Ceratiux Hranoneopun, Mitruav]. — .loini.w ;iinl (iii.- 



ni-.l-.T, Bull. XVI, IT. S. Nat. Mils., 848. — GfXTiiKR, Chullcnigcr Kcj)., .\.\ii, .52. 

 TiiiililiipsariiK, Gii.i,, Forest and Stieaiii, 1883, 284 (Nov. 8). — Jordan, Cat. Fish. Norlli Anicriia. iss.l. 138. 



Ceratiids with cloiijijated trunk and rectilinear back; mnntli niodcrale; ceplialic .•<])in<' 

 with l)asal element exserted and continuous with the distal; jivloiic r(i'ca develojx'd (U); 

 month with cleft siiljvcitical; (irst dorsal with few rays; braiichiu' in U.i i)aiis; brancliial 

 arches nnai'nied ; skin with scattered sjiinigerous s(!utelbc; uo second dorsal spine devel- 

 oped (as in Gcratia.s), but with two lieshy clavifonn tubercles existing, a.s in Ceratvtx; 

 pectorals with about 10-15 slender rays instead of nearly 20, as in Ceraiins. {(I ill.) 



MANCALIAS ITKANOSCOPUS, (Mtirkay). (Jill. 



Cvralins iirnniisrnjniit. Ml r.i;AV. in 'riioinson's Voyage of the Challeui;ei'. 1878, ii. (i7, i'iiijuri' 20. — GCnther, 



Challeiii;er Keport, x.vii, .")4, pi. xi, Fig. <:. 

 Maiuiiliaii uraiKiMoiiiis, (iiLl., lor. cil. — GooDE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., in, 188(1, Ill9. 

 Ceratias HiilhiilHi Giintiieu in Hratlys Report In Challenger Copepoda. 1883, 137. 



MaucdHan was first taken by H. M. S. Challenf/fr, at a de])th of t!,4(HI fathoms, in the 

 Middle Atlantic, between the Canary and Cape Verde Islands. The specimen, .">| inches 

 long, and indifferently i>reserved, is in the British Mnsenm. 



The sjiecimen is 90 millimeters in length from the snout to the end of the tail, com- 

 pressed laterally, and of a uniform black color. The anttu'ior si)ine of the first doi'sal tin is 

 produced into a long filament, ending in a pear-shaped bidb, terminating in a very distinct, 

 .semi transparent, whitish spot. This spine ha.s it.s origin on the posterior portion of the 

 head, and when laid back it reaches nearly to the tip of tlie tail. The second part of the 

 first dorsal is placed far l)a<'k on tlie body, and consists of '2 short, tieshy tubercles, which 

 lie in a depression in front of the second dorsal fin. The second dorsal has .'5 rays; the anal 

 is opjiosite the second dorsal and has 4 rays; the caudal has 8 rays, the 4 central rays being 

 much larger than the others, and bifid. The pectorals are small and liave 10 very delicate 

 rays. The gill opening is a slit situated behiw the pectoral fin. The upper Jaw is formed 

 by the intermaxillaries, and is armed, together with the lower jaw, with a series of teeth of 

 modciate size, which can be depressed inward as in Lophhis. Tlie skin is thickly covered 

 with minute, embedded, conical sjiines. Tiie eyes are very small and arc placerl high upon 

 the middle of the head. 



The presence of a fish of this giou)) at so great a de])th is of special interest. From 

 its .structure, and from tlie analogy of its nearest allies, there .seems to be no reasonable 

 doubt that it lives on the bottom. It is the habit of many of the family to \'h\ hidden in the 

 mud, with the long dorsal filament and its terminal soft expansion ex]>osed. It has been 

 iiiiagincd that the expansion is u.sed as a l>ait to allure its prey, but it seems more likely 

 that it is a sense organ, intended to give notice of their ap]uoacli. 



MANCALIAS SllUFELDTII, Gill. (Figure 401.) 



Tjiphlopsaras Sliiifildii, Gii.L, Forest and Stream, New York, Nov. 8, 1883, 281.— .loitUAX. Cat. Fisli. North 



Aiiierii'a, 1885, 138. 

 Ceratias Shiifeldti, GCntiikr, Cli.allenger Report, xxii, .54. 



The specimens of Miintahnx ol>tained in the Western Atlantii- are two in numi)er. 



A single six-cimen, No. 2015!t, <S.") millimeters long, was taken October 2, ISiStf, at sta- 

 tion No. 893, at a depth of 372 fathoms. (Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. ]\Ius., in, 419.) 



The type of Tiiiililopsnrns Shi(/rli1tii (No. .T.5.-.2. U. S. Nat. Mns.), has the maxilla one- 

 third the length from the gill opening to the caudal base; the intermaxilla is contained 13^ 



