224 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF TJIE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



Family ZEID^E. 



Zeniicp, Lowe, Proc. Zoill. Soc, London, 1839,82. 



Zenidtv, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sti., Phila., 1862, 126; Arr. Families Fishes, 1872, 8 (Fam. No. 84).— Jokdan 



and Gilbert, Bull, xvi., U. S. Nat. Mus., 458. 

 Zcincc, SWAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Fish., etc., 1839, il, 176. 

 Zeini, Bonaparte, Cat. Metodico, Pesci Europe, 1876, 75. 

 ZeuiiUi, Bleekeb, Tentamen, 1859, x.\iii. 

 Zeidir, Gill, MS. 



Cytlina, GiiNTiiER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 393. 

 VytlkUe, Glintiier, Introduction to the Study of Fishes, 1880, 450. 



Scombroidea, with a high, short, deep, much compressed, and elevated body. Lateral 

 line obscnrc, unarmed. Scales minute, absent, or reidaced by l)ony protuberances. Mouth 

 large, terminal, with upper jaw protractile, and teeth small, in narrow bands or single 

 series, on jaws and vomer, and sometimes ou palatines. Eyes lateral. Opercles and other 

 bones about the head often armed with spines. Braiichiostegals, 7 or S. Gill membranes 

 little united, free from the isthmus. Gill rakers usually short. Gills 4, a slit behind the 

 fourth. Pseudobrauchiae large. Dorsal emarginate, or divided, with strong spines an- 

 teriorly, the posterior part longer. Anal spined or spineless. Ventrals thoracic, witli one 

 spine and five to eight<rays. Caudal usually not forked. I'yloric cajca exceedingly numer- 

 ous. Air bladder large. Vertebrte about 32. 



KEY TO THE GENERA AND DEEP-SEA SPECIES. 



I. Bony plates along the bases of the vertical fins, and between ventrals and anal on median line of 



body ZEiNiE 



A. Plates at bases of second dorsal and anal. Anal spines 4 Zeus 



B. Plates at bases of first and second dorsal and anal. Anal spines 3 Zenopsis 



1. Ventral spines, 3 Z. oceUatim 



II. No bony plates at base of vertical fins C yttin.e 



A. No bony plates on ventral line C yttus 



1. Ventrals receivable in sheath ou abdomen. 



a. Ventral spines, 2 Cyttua aiistralis 



2. Ventrals not receivable in sheath. 



a. Ventral spines, 2 Cyttus ahbreriatm 



h. Ventral spines, 2 Cyltita hololepia 



B. Bony plates between ventral and anal, on median line of body Cyttopsis 



1. Body partially naked Cyttopsis roseus 



III. Numerous large, conical, bony protuberances, symmetrically arranged Oreosomin.e 



A. About four protuberances on the back and twenty below Oreosoma 



ZENOPSIS, Gill. 



Zenopsis, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 126 (type, Zeus nehulosiis, Temminck and Schlegel, from Japan). 



Body ovate, much compressed, without scales, not warty. Head deeper than long, its 

 anterior profile steeji. Mouth rather large, upper jaw i^rotractile ; teeth small, on jaws and 

 vomer, none on the palatines. Various bones of the head and shoulder girdle armed with 

 spines. Series of bony plates along the sides of the belly and the bases of the dorsal and 

 anal, each plate armed with a strong spine. Eye large, placed high. Gill-rakers short. 

 Dorsal spines very strong, usually 10 in number. Anal spines 3. Ventral fins long, 

 mostly I, 7. Caudal peduncle slender, the fin not forked. Two or three species known, 

 differing from Zeus, mainly in the i^resence of 3 anal spines instead of 4, Pelagic. 



ZENOPSIS OCELLATUS, (Storer), Gill. 



Zeus oeellatus, Storer, Proc. Boston Society Nat. Hist., vi, 888. 

 Zenopsis oeellatus, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1862, 126. 



Color silvery, nearly i)lain; a black lateral ocellated spot in life, disappearing in 

 spirits. Body short, deep, compressed. Skin wholly naked, except for the bony bucklers, 

 which are armed each with a central spine hooked backwards and marked with radiating 



