230 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



TETRAGONURUS, Risso. 



TetragoHuius, Kisso, Ichth. Nice, 1810, 347; Hist. Nat., in, 381.— GCniiikii, lac. ci/. —Moreau, Hist. Nat. 

 Poiss. France, iii, 178. 



Body subcylindrical, elongate. Snout obtu.se. Veutrals abdominal, placed below 

 middle of pectoral. 



TETEAGONURU.S CUVIERI, Risso. (Figure 417.) 



Corvus niloliciis, .\ldi!OVan:di, De Piscibus, v, cap. 25, 28. 



Tetragonurus Ctivieri, Risso, Ichth. Nice, 1810,347; Hist. Nat. Eur. Meriil., lX2!t, iii, 381. 



Tetragoiiunis allaniicas, Lowe, Fishes Madeira, 129, pi. xix. 



Spinou.s dorsal low, receivable in groove. Scales each with 5 to keels, each termi- 

 natiug in a spine. Color, brown, with violet and yellow reflections. 



lladial formula: D. xv-xxi, I, 11-13; A. 10-12; L. lat. 118/20. 



This form was originally described from Nice. Eis.so says that it lives at great depths, 

 approaching the coast only in August at the time of spawning, and that its natation is 

 slow and feeble. It has .since been found off Toulon and Marseilles, and by Lowe near 

 Madeira, where it was taken swimming at the surface. Lowe is also of the oitinioii that it 

 occurs at very great depths. Its flesh when eaten is a violent poison, as was demonstrated 

 by the personal experience of Eisso himself. A single specimen was obtained by the U. S. 

 Fish Commission at Wood's IIoU, Massachusetts, November 10, 1890 {Cat .No. 41:4:36, U. S. 

 N. M.). 



Family CHILODIPTERID.^. 



Chilodiptrroidei, Bleeker, Tentamen, 1859, xx. 

 Chilod'nihridce, Gii.L, Arraugcment, Families of Fishes, 1872. 

 Apogonina, GiNTUicR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., i, 18.59, 57, 222. 

 Apogonidw, Jordan & Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 563. 



Percoidea, with body oblong, more or less elevated, covered with large deciduous scales 

 (striated and ctenoid, or sometimes cycloid) ; cheeks scaly ; cleft of mouth wide, oblique. 

 Villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, and .sometimes on palatines (teeth absent in Brepho- 

 stoma); canines sometimes present; preoperculum commonly with a double ridge; its edge 

 entire or .slightly serrated; lower pharyngeals se^jarate, with sharp teeth; i)seudobranchiu3 

 present; branchiostegals 7, or less; dorsal tins well separated, the first with 6 to 9 rather 

 strong spines; aual flu short, with 1 to 3 (usually with 2) spines; ventral fins thoracic, i, 5. 



KEY TO THE DEEP-SEA GENERA OF CHILODIPTERIDiE. 



{Prorisional — iticliidiity some genera of doubtful relalioiisliijj.) 



I. Canine teeth at the outer side of the villiform bands in the jaws. 



A. Preoperculum with a double serrated edge; aual with two spines. 



1. Dorsal with six spines ; operculum unarmed (Cuii-odiptehi'S) 



2. Dorsal with nine spines ; operculum with two weak spines Parascombrops 



II. Teeth all villiform; no canines. 



A. Lateral line normal. 



1. Palatiues with teeth. 



a. Anal with two spines. 



Preoperculuiu with double serrated ridge (Apogon) 



Preoperculum with double entire ridge. 



Scales large, 2()-2(i in lateral line ' (Apogoniciituvs) 



Scales small, 40 or more in lateral line Gi.ossa.mia 



b. Anal with three spines; bones of head cavernous. 



Preoperculum denticulated; operculum with two feeble points. 



Scales small, 45 in lateral line Mai.acichtiivs 



2. Palatines toothless. 



o. Preoperculum with striated angle. Teeth moderate. B. vii Epigoni's 



e?~Preoperculum with one spine. Teeth rudimentary on jaws. "B. iv" P-o.matomichthys 



B. Lateral line beginning under origin of second dorsal. 



1. Anal with two spines Micitoicirnn s 



