244 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



rivers and in very shallow water. Only one species bas been found at considerable depths, 

 and it is probable that its occurrence out of tlie shallows was not positively determined. 



CHROMIS, Cuvier. 



Chromis, CuviER, R&gne Animal, ed. 1, ii, 1877, 266. 



Heliases, Cuvieu aud Valenciennks, Hist. Nat. Poiss. v, 403. Mora. Miis. Nat. Hist. Nat., i, 181.5, 353. 



Beliasles, Guntuer, Cat. Fisli Brit. Mus., iv, GO. 



rreoperculum not denticulated. Teeth small, conical, in a narrow baud or irregidar 

 series. Dorsal fin with 12 to 14 spines, anal with 2. Scales of moderate size; the lateral 

 line ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Branehiostegals 5; gills 3i; 

 pseudobrancliiie present; pyloric appciida,i;es 2. 



A single representative of this well-kuown tropical geuus, has been found under such 

 eircumstances as to lead to the belief that it could live in deep water. This is G. roseus, 

 the IMiastes roseus of (Tiintlier. Challenger IJeport, VI, 1880, 4.j, pi. xx, 1887, page 76. It 

 was taken at Vhalkiujcr station 192, off the Ki Islands, in 140 fathoms. 



Family SCORPvENID^^. 



Lcs Scorpenides, Eisso, Hist. Nat. Europe Mi5ridionale, 1826, lii, 109, 367. 



Scorpwnida; Swai.vson, Nat. Hist. Fish, etc., ii, 18.39, 180.— Gill, Arr. Faiu. Fishes, 1872, 6 (No. .58).— GOn- 



THER, Zoological Ri'conl, vii, 1870, 91 ; Clialleuger Report, xxii, 16. — Gill, Johnsoo's Cyelop:edia, iv, 



143. — JoKPAN aud GiLUEiiT, Bull, xvi, U S. Nat. Mus., 650. 

 Scovpwnina, Gunthee, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 1860, 87, 95. 



CataphracH (part), Cuvier, Regne Animal, both editions. — MOller, Berlin, Abhandl., 1844, 201. 

 Schrogcuidw (part), Owen, Lectures, Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates, I, 49. 

 TrigWdo' (part), IvAur, Wiegmann's Archiv., 1858, 329. 

 Scorpanoidei, Bleeker, Teutamen, 1859, xxi. 

 Scorpaniiii, Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 1846, 61. 



Scorpicnoid' fishes with body oblong, more or less compressed, head moderately 

 large, often inflated laterally, usually with one or more pairs of spine-tipped ridges 

 above, opercle usually with two, preopercle with five, spinous processes. Mouth wide, ter- 

 minal, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines. Premaxillaries protractile. A 

 bony stay, extending from the suborbital to the preopercle. Branchial apertures ex- 

 tending forward, wide, separate, and tree from isthmus. Scales ctenoid, or rarely 

 cycloid, sometimes nearly obsolete. Lateral line single, continuous, concurrent with the 

 back. Dorsal fin with 8 to 10 rather strong spines, and a similar number of rays, set closer 

 than the spines so that the soft portion of the fin is the shorter, the fin being sometimes 

 continuous and sometimes notched so deeply as to divide it into two parts. Anal rather 

 short, with 3 spines and 5 to 10 rays. Ventrals thoracic or post thoracic, with 1 spine and 

 4 to 9 rays. Soft fin rays all branched except lower rays of pectoral. Air bladder pres- 

 ent. PseudobranchiiB large. Pyloric cteca few (less than 12). 



KEY TO ATLANTIC DEEP-SEA GENERA OF SCORPAENID^. 



I. Dorsal continuous, though somewhat notched. 



A. Dorsal spines XII ; anal in, 5; vertebne 10-f 14. 



1. Head naked above, with several series of spinous ridges. Scales cycloid. Cheeks smooth. 

 Opercles sometimes scaleless. 



a. A square occipital pit. Cheeks and opercles scaleless. Scales on body small. Laciuia) 

 present. Pectorals broad, rounded, procurrent Scorp.ena 



6. "Wide, mueiferous cavities in superficial bones of skull. Scales on lateral parts of head hid- 

 den in skin. Cleft of mouth very wide." Sea of .Japan [Bathyseua.stes] 



2. Head scaly above. Scales ctenoid, on cheeks and opercles, as well as on body. 



o. No occipital pit. Pectorals not procurrent. 



Pectoral rays in three groujis, the medial ones of branched rays. Suborbital keel smooih, 



or with a single anterior spine Helicolenus 



Pectoral rays all .simple. Two retrorse spines on each preorbital. Suborbital keel with three 

 strong spines Pontinus 



' Gill's superfamily Scorpwnoidea ^ including ScorpwHidw, Synanceidw, Bexagrammidce, and Anoplopomidw) 

 is composed of mail-cheeked fi.shos 'having the byjiercoraeoid and liy])ocor.K'(>id bones normally devel- 

 oped, a complete rayodome, aud post-temporals normally articulated witlj the cranium." 



