DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 245 



B. Dorsal xiii, 6-9; anal iii, 6-9; vertelini- 12-1-15. 



1. Cranial ridges more or less developed. Head more or less scaly. 

 (I. Palatine teeth present. 



Scales small (90-100 in lateral liue). Lower jaw much projecting. Cranial ridges low. 



Anal III, 9 [Sebastodes] 



Scales moderate (45-80.) Anal lii, 5-9 [Sf.b.vsticiithys] 



C. Dorsal spines xv Sebastomvs and SKBASTO.'iOMU.s 



1. Anal III, 7-8; vertebne 12-f 19. Head scaly above, with one ortwopairsof spine-tipped ridges. 

 a. Pectorals long, narrow. Yen trals post-thoracic. Scales ctenoid. No lacinia; Sebastes 



2. Anal iii, 5. Vertehrse unknown. 



o. Pectorals with lower rays prolonged in a linguiiorm lobe. 

 Ventrals uader axils of pectorals, with outer rays produced, thick, unbranched . . Sebastolobus 

 II. Dorsal deeply notched, in two parts. 

 A. Dorsal spines, x-j-l. Anal lii, 5-6. 



1. Pectoral with medial rays branched. Low, Inconspicuous spines on the vertex Setarches 



2. Pectoral simple. Head smooth, unarmed above [LloscORPlus] 



SCORP^^NA, Llnnasus. 



Scorpcena, Artedi, Genera, 17, xx, 47. — Linn.eus, Systoma Naturte, ed. x, 1758, 266,(type, Scorpmna porcua). — 

 Gi5NTHEB, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 107.— Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. N. M., 678, 679. 



Scorpaenids Laving the body oblong, somewhat compressed. Head large, not much 

 compressed, nuked above and armed with several series of spinous ridges, and with dermal 

 flaps. A quadrate i^it at the occiput, mouth large, with bands of villiform teeth on jaws, 

 vomer, and piilatines. Scales mostly ctenoid, of moderate size, often with skinny flaps, 

 cheeks naked, opercles sometimes without scales. Dorsal fin with 12 stout spines; anal 

 with 3 spines, the second commonly the longest; pectorals large, rounded, the base procur- 

 reut; the upper rays divided, the lower simple in all our .species; ventrals inserted behind 

 pectorals. No air bladder. Vertebrte 10-I-14. 



This genus, which is widely distributed throughout the East Indian seas, is represented 

 in the shore faunas of the Atlantic basin by two European and two tropical American 

 forms. 8. Plumieri, Schneider, occurs throughout the West Indies and north to the Ber- 

 mudas, and is always a shoal-water form. S. brasiUensis, C. & V., a smaller scaled form 

 with shorter body, is a shore form from the coast of Brazil. The European forms both 

 occur in the Mediterranean. The Italians have noted them from Genoa, Naples, and Sicily 

 and around to the head of the Adriatic, the French from Nice, Cette, and Marseilles, and 

 the Portuguese from Lisbon. Both have been obsei'ved in the Gulf of Gascony, at Biarritz 

 and La Eochelle. S. scrofa has not been seen ou the coasts of Vendee or farther north, 

 but is abundant at Madeira, where there i.s al.so a local species, iV. vstuhita, to which it is 

 closely allied. S. i)orcus follows the French coast as far north as Dieppe. Cuvier was 

 entirely in error in supposing that it occurs in the western Atlantic, but appears to have 

 had specimens from Teneriff'e. Lowe's remarks about Scorjucna scrofa and its habits at 

 Madeira are very important. Ue notices the tendency of this form to become moditied for 

 residence iu deeper regions. 



SCORP^NA SCROFA OBESA, Lowe. 



Scorp(r»a scrofa, Auctortjm, (in part). 



Scorpa-iia scrofa, var. <S. obcsa, Lowe, Fishes of Madeira, 1893, 105. 



A Scorpwna with oblong body, whose height is 3^-4 times in its length, covered with 

 scales of modeiate size, there being 40-40 in the lateral line; the posterior ones are ciliated. 

 Head longer than high, its length about one-third of total, scaleless and smooth. Interor- 

 bital space deeply concave. Occipital pit broader than long. Cirri upon head and trunk, 

 larger along lateral line Third dorsal spine nearly half as long as the head. Second anal 

 spine more than one third as long as head. 



Color yellowish red, the fins marbled with brown, a blackish blotch upon the body 

 under the space between the sixth and tenth spines. 



Radial formula: D. Xi, i-f 9-10; A. ili, 5; B. I, 8-10; Y. i, 5. 



