246 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



The above descriptiou applies to the species as a whole. Lowe separates his variety 

 ohesa on the following specifications: " 3/rt/or, Diiuinccn. paUidn, maculi.s obsoletioribiis; 

 corporc altiore s. obeso; ocuU.s fere majoribus.'' 



*S. scro/a ote.SYt is a deep-water form, living ^Hn profundloribuH, a Uttori procul.^' The 

 fishermen of Madeira distinguish it, calling it Carneiro dc Fora, while the iusliore type is 

 known as Carneiro de Rolo. They grow to be from 15 to 20 inches long, and have the 

 belly somewhat more prominent, and larger eyes, and lighter colors. Lowe is not posi- 

 tive that the two forms should be distinguished, even as varieties. We include obesa 

 among the deep-water foi'ms in order to invite further investigation of the question whether 

 S. serofa may not be dimorphic like Sebastes itorrcniciis. 



Eisso distinguished a color, or depth, variety iu this species at Nice, which occurred in 

 the coralline zones, and was "d' un brim rouge de laque, marbree de bruii, de hlanc et de gris 

 eouverte d'appendices dentelees et de cirrhes rougeafres^^ (Hist. Nat. Europe Merid., iii, 'Ml). 

 He also describes a liallid form under the name 8cor2)(VHa liifea. This is not recognized by 

 modern Mediterranean ichthyologists. Lowe suggests that it may be founded upon some 

 extreme state of his obesa. ' 



ticorpcena serofa is preeminently a Mediterranean species. It has been observed at 

 Nice, Cette, Genoa, Leghorn, Naples, Montecristo, Magdaleua, Alghero, Oagliari (Corsica), 

 Messinai Catania, Malta, Venice, Trieste, Dalmatia, and North Africa. Also from the 

 River Niger, Lisbon, Culf of Gascony, St. Jean de Luzon, Arcachon, Gironde, La Rochelle. 

 Also from Madeira and the Azores. 



Seorp(cna iistulata, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, 36, is a Madeiran form of small size, 

 closely allied to S. serofa, but with cheeks and opercles pustulate or granulated. 



Two additional species are now added to the deep-sea forms of the Atlantic. 



SCORPiENA CRISTULATA, Goode and Bean, n. s. (Figure 242). 



The greatest depth of the body (.10 millimeters) is one-third of the standard length; the 

 least height of the tail (14 millimeters) equals the length of the suout. The length of the 

 head (68 millinu>ters) is contained 2i times iu the standard length, and is about twice the 

 length of the upper jaw. Tlie width of the interorbital space (8 millimeters) is one-fnurth 

 the leugth of the upper jaw; this space is moderately concave and is incomi^letely scaled. 

 The maxilla reaches to the vertical from the posterior edge of the pupil; its length (30 

 millimeters) is one-tifth of the staiulard length. The man(lil)le reaches to below the pos- 

 terior margin of the eye, its length (3S millimeters) slightly more than the postorbital part 

 of the head. Teeth in villiform bands in the jaws and on the vomer and palate. A naked 

 space at the symphysis of the intermaxillaries. A pair of spines on the preorbital; six 

 spiues on the suborbital carina; five on the border of the preoperculum, of which the up- 

 permost is the largest, and with a supplementary spine at its base. Nasal spines developed ; 

 three supraorbital spines on each side and three more f)n each side of the vertex and nape. 

 A postocular spine, a tympanic and two liumerals. Two thin flat si^iues on the operculum. 

 Almost all the spines of the head have short filaments behind them. 



The length of the eye (20 millimeters) is contained nearly 3A times in the length of the 

 head and equals two-thirds the length of the maxilla. The lengtli of the snout (11 millime- 

 ters) equals the least height of the tail. The anterior nostril is nearer to the eye than to 

 the ti]) of the snout; it is tubular and has prolongations l)ehind consisting of two dark col- 

 ored lilameuts. The longest filaments above the orljit are scarcely one-third as long as the 

 eye. Tlu' posterior nostril is scarcely tubular; the distance between the anterior nostrils is 

 one-half tlie length of the eye. Tlie integument covering the supramaxilla is finely scaled. 

 The character of the gill rakers is very ditferent from those of Pontiuiis; they are short, 

 stout, and the club shaped extremity is armed witli minute si)ines. Tliere are 4 developed 

 and 2 rudiments above the angle and 8 below, besides 5 sessile rudiments. Pseudobranchiie 

 present. The distance of the spinous dorsal from the tip of the snout (67 millimeters) 

 equals twice the length of the upper jaw. The length of the first spine (8 millimeters) 

 equals the width of the interorbital space; the length of the second spine is nearly twice 



