beede: upper permian red beds. 121 



he says: "The following section of the Texas Permian is 

 taken from Mr. Cummins's field-notes, but it has been in 

 large part verified by my own personal observation. The 

 different members of this section, which are indicated by 

 consecutive numbers, are not distinctly definable from one 

 another, but the section is presented in this form for con- 

 venience in making reference to the respective horizons at 

 which collections of fossils have been made." The section 

 follows : 



"1. Reddish and mottled sandy clays, with occasional 

 layers of sandstone. 



"2. Variously colored clayey and sandy concretionary 

 strata, with a few irregular layers of impure concretionary 

 limestone ; embracing near its middle a somewhat persistent 

 limestone of grayish-blue color. 



"3. Sandstones alternating with clayey and sandy con- 

 cretionary layers and a few fine-grained siliceous layers. 



"4. Reddish and buff" colored clayey and sandy shales, 

 with occasional layers of sandstone. 



"5. Sandstones and sandy shales, with beds of reddish 

 sandy clay, passing gradually into the Coal Measures be- 

 neath." 



"Vertebrate remains, which Professor Cope confidently re- 

 fers to the Permian, occur at numerous localities and many 

 horizons from the base to the top of this section ; but inver- 

 tebrate remains have hitherto been discovered only in strata 

 which are included in Nos. 2 and 3, respectively, of that sec- 

 tion. The lowermost known horizon of invertebrates is 

 about 400 feet above the base of the series, and the upper- 

 most is about as much below the top of the same ; that is, 

 the middle 200 feet in thickness of the Permian series as it 

 has been defined." 



He then proceeds to give the localities from which the 

 fossils were secured . He then gives a list of thirty-two species 

 from these two horizons, shown in tabular view, from three 

 localities. His list is as follows : Goniatites baylorensis, 

 PtychitfS cumminsi, Medlicottia copei, Popanoceras ivalcotti, Or- 

 thoceros rushensisf, Nautilus whulowi, N. occidentalis, N. three 

 undetermined species, N. {Endolohus) undetermined, Nati- 



