124 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



detailed sections and describes the stratigraphy and paleon- 

 tology. In his introductory sentence to the subject Permian, 

 he says that "It is intended to include in the Permian all 

 the Red Beds in Texas which lie between the upper part of 

 the Albany beds of the Coal Measures and the Dockum beds, 

 or the lower part of the Triassic as recognized here." He 

 thus definitely limits the horizon of the Texan Permian. 

 "That there is a hiatus between these two formations (Trias 

 and Coal Measures) as defined in North America, is a well- 

 known fact. By evidence that will be given hereafter I wish 

 to show that the series of strata that I here call Permian is 

 different from either the Triassic above or the Carbonifer- 

 ous below, as they have been formerly identified." He 

 points out the conformability of the Red Beds and the Coal 

 Measures and the striking unconformity separating them 

 from the Dockum beds or Triassic. In discussing the thick- 

 ness of these beds, he says : " For quite a while it was thought 

 that the Permian was merely the rounding off of the great 

 Paleozoic area, and that it would only be found in narrow 

 strips along the edge of the Carboniferous formation, but 

 such can no longer be said to be the case, for the Permian 

 has been found in the United States extending over a vast 

 region and is more than 2000 feet thick. In Texas the whole 

 of the beds placed in the Permian are at least 5000 feet thick. 

 These beds must have required a long period of time for 

 their deposition, and the formation is entitled to be repre- 

 sented as a series in geological nomenclature." 



He divides these beds into three divisions in ascending or- 

 der : The Wichita, Clear Fork and Double Mountain beds. 

 The Wichita beds are characterized as consisting of "sand- 

 stones, clay beds, and a peculiar conglomerate." There is an 

 absence of limestones. The Clear Fork beds are character- 

 ized as limestones, clay and shale beds, and sandstones. The 

 Double Mountain beds are composed of sandstones, lime- 

 stones, sandy shales, red and bluish clays, and thick beds of 

 gypsum. Sections in the three formations are given and 

 the details of stratigraphy entered into. He states that the 

 Double Mountain beds "lie directly in contact with the 

 Clear F'ork beds throughout the whole length, and no at- 



