beede: upper permian red beds. 125 



tempt has been made to determine a definite line of division 

 between the two divisions. 



"Doctor White, . . . described the invertebrate fossils 

 taken from the Wichita beds and the lower part of the Clear 

 Fork beds. . . . Prof. E. D. Cope has described the ver 

 tebrate fossils from the Permian beds of Texas, . . . col- 

 lected from the same beds as those from which the inverte- 

 brates were taken that were described by Doctor White, some 

 of them a little higher in the series."^" 



It is thus clear that the lower Red Beds were clearly es- 

 tablished as Permian by Cope, White and Cummins at an 

 early date and the limits established, based on paleontolog- 

 ical evidence. In the following part of the discussion of the 

 Permian, Cummins takes up Hay's paper-" and discusses his 

 theses, or reasons, for referring the Red Beds to the Jura- 

 Trias. A significant remark of Cummins's concerning the 

 correlation of the Kansas beds with those of Texas is that he 

 has traveled as far north as the Canadian river north of Mo- 

 beetie, and down the river opposite the lower end of the Wich- 

 ita mountains, and "seen only the Double Mountain beds. 

 The older beds of the Permian may have been exposed far- 

 ther northward in Kansas, but I am of the opinion that 

 southwestern Kansas has only the uppermost beds, which 

 Mr. Hay has synchronized with strata near the mouth of the 

 North Fork of Red river. This I judge from Mr. Hay's de- 

 scription of the strata." This is Mr. Cummins's conclusion 

 of the matter, while Hay argued that they were Jura-Trias. 

 On page 408 Cummins states, under the head, "Double 

 Mountain beds" : "The fossils recognized [in section No. 

 19] were two species of ammonite, Orthoceras and Pleuropho- 

 rus. The upper part of No. 2 of the above section was al- 

 most entirely composed of ammonites." 



On page 222 of the fourth annual report, after discussing 

 the correlation of the Texas Permian, he states that "it is 

 still too early to attempt exact correlation, but it is quite 

 probable that the Albany division of the Coal Measures will 

 prove the same as the beds at Fort Riley, Kan. 



19. Ibid, pp. 413, 414. 



20. Bull. 57, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1890, pp. 23-25. 



