beede: upper permian red beds. 139 



able difference in the fauna of Illinois and Oklahoma and 

 Texas." Following is the list as given by Case : Sagenodus? 

 sp., Dij)locaulus magnicornis? Cope, Dijjlocaulus limbatus? Cope, 

 DiplocauluH salamandroides Cope, T rimer orhachis sp. Cope, 

 Trimerorhachis leptorhynchus Case, Cricotus sp., Cricotillis bra- 

 chydens Case, Eryops megacephalus Cope, Crossotelos anaulata 

 Case, Naosaurus sp., Emholophorunf sp., Pariotichus ordinatas 

 Cope, Pariotichus sp., Pleuristion brachycodus Case, Diacran- 

 odus { Pleuracayithus) compressusf. According to Cope, Wil- 

 liston, and Case, these fossils demonstrate unmistakably the 

 Permian age of the strata from which they were taken. Case 

 states, after having described the vertebrates from the base 

 of over 2000 feet of the strata, that "the result of the de- 

 termination of these fossils has been to settle the long-mooted, 

 question of the age of the Red Beds."*^ 



A remark concerning the horizon of some vertebrates de- 

 scribed from the Kansas strata is to the point here. Willis ton 

 described a specimen from Cowley county, Kansas,** in 1897, 

 which he states "clearly belongs to the genus Cricotus, and 

 is closely allied to the typical species described by Cope from 

 the Permian of Illinois. His description applies so well to 

 the specimen in hand that I use his language, amended." "A 

 single dorsal vertebra, and, perhaps, some phalanges, belong 

 clearly to the genus Clepsydrops Cope, as originally described 

 from Illinois. . . . Associated with these remains are 

 numerous teeth and spines of Pleuracanthus (Didymodus ?) 

 and the plates of a ganoid fish. 



"All together, we have here an interesting series of forms, 

 so closely resembling the species described by Cope from 

 Danville, 111., that I cannot distinguish them specifically. 

 It would seem to demonstrate the contemporaneity of the 

 two formations, and also that of the Texas Permian, whence 

 the species of all these genera have been described by Cope." 



These bones were taken from the Garrison formation, south 

 of Dexter, Kan., about fifty feet below the base of the Wre- 

 ford limestone, which is taken as the base of the Permian by 

 the Kansas geologists. Another very interesting discovery 



43. Op. cit., p. 68. 



44. Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., XV, pp. 120-122. 1898. 



