SCOLOPACID^ — THE SNIPE FAMILY. 179 



8. Arqiiatella. Tarsus shorter than the middle toe and claw ; toes slender, the middle two 



thirds to three fourths as long as the bill ; bill slender, much compressed, straight, or 

 very slightly decurved at the end ; size medium (wing less than 6.00). 



9. Actodromas. Tarsus about equal to the bill ; bill straight, moderately slender ; toes 



slender, the middle one decidedly shorter than the tarsus ; size medium to very small. 



10. Pelidna. Bill very long (nearly us long as the tarsus and middle toe), decidedly decurved 



teiniiually ; toes slender, the middle one decidedly shorter tlian the tarsus. 

 1." No hind toe. 



11. Calidris. Size rather small ; bill short, straight, expanded at end. 



c. Feathers of forehead not reaching to nostril ; a web between outer and middle toes at base 



(bet\veen all in Hyinphemia). 

 2.' Gape not extending behind the base of the culmen. 



12. Limosa. Size large (wing 8.00 or more) ; bill much longer than tarsus, tapering toward 



the end, where slightly but decidedly upturned, the lateral groove extending nearly to 

 the tip. 

 2." Gape extending decidedly behind the base of the culmen. 



3.' Lateral groove of the maxilla extending scarcelv more than half wav to end of bill. 

 4.' Back of tarsus cov^ered with transverse scutellee, as in front. 



13. Totaniis. No web between inner and middle toes ; middle toe not more than 



lialf as long as tarsus ; size medium to large (but wing always less than 8 inches). 



14. Rhyacophilus. Similar to Totanus, but middle toe nearly as long as tarsus. 



15. Symphemia. A well-developed web between base of inner and middle toes; a 



large white patch on base of primaries ; size large (wing more than 8 inches). 

 4." Back of tarsus covei'ed with small roundish scales. 



16. Heteroscelus. No web between base of inner and middle toes ; size medium (wing 



less than 8 inches). 

 3." Lateral groove of maxilla extending nearly to tip of bill. 



17. Machetes. Size large (wing 7 inches or more) ; tail short (less than half the 



wing), rounded. Adult $ with the neck ruffed, and anterior portion of head 

 bare. 



18. Bartramia. Size large (wing nearly 7 inches) ; tail lengthened (more than half 



the wing), graduated. Adult $ without ruff, the anterior part of the head nor- 

 mally feathered. 



19. Tringoides. Size small (wing less than 4.50) ; tail rather lengthened (more than 



half the wing), graduated. 



d. Feathers of the forehead reaching to and partly enclosing the nostril ; anterior toes all cleft at 



the base. 



20. Tryngites. Size small (a little larger than Tringoides) ; bill small and slender (shorter 



than the head, about equal to the middle toe), the lateral groove reaching nearly to the 

 tip ; gape reaching back of the base of the culmen ; middle toe more than half as long 

 as the tarsus ; inner webs of quills and under primary-coverts beautifully speckled. 



D. 



21. Eurynorhyiichus. Size small (among the smallest of the family) ; bill widely expanded 



laterally at the end ; otherwise, much as in Actodromas. 



E. 



22. Numenius Size large to very large (wing 8 inches or more) ; bill long (much longer 



than tarsus), decidedly decurved or arched. 



