STEEPSILID.E — THE TURNSTONES — STREPSILAS. 119 



Com. Char. Lower parts (except jugulum), upper part of rump, upper tail-coverts, and greater 

 wing-coverts, pure white ; remainder of plumage dusky, sometimes variegated with white, or white 

 and rufous. 



S. interpres. 



1. S. interpres. Throat always wliite. Adult: Upper parts more or less mixed with rufous 



especially in winter plumage, when this color prevails in large patches ; head mostly 

 white ; jugulum uniform deep black. Young : Head mostly dusky ; upper parts without 

 rufous, but with ochraceous edgings ; jugulum mottled dusky. Wing, about 6.00 ; cul- 

 men, .80-.90 ; tarsus, 1.00; middle toe, .75. Hab. Entirely cosmopolitan, but affecting 

 cliiL-fly the sea-coasts. 



2. S. melanocephalus. Throat always dusky. Adult in summer : Upper parts uniform bronzy 



brownish black ; head, neck, and jugulum, l>lack, with white streaks on forehead and 

 jugulum, and large spot of same on lores. Adult in tvinter : Similar, but head, neck, 

 and jugulum, smoky brownish, and without white markings. Young: Similar to the 

 winter plumage, l)ut head, etc., more grayish, the feathers of upper parts bordered termi- 

 nally with pale buff, or whitish. Wing, 8.80-9.10 ; culmen, .85-1.00; tarsu.s, 1.00-1.10 ; 

 middle toe, .90. Hab. Northwest coast of North America. 



Strepsilas interpres. 



TURNSTONE. 



Tringa interims, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, I. 148 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 248. — Wil.s. Am. Orn. VIL 1813, 

 32, pi. Ivii. 



Strepsilas interpres, Illig. Prodr. 1811, 263. —Swains. F. B. A. IL 1831, 371. — Nutt. Man. Water 

 Bds. 1834, 30. — Aud. Orn. Biog. IV. 1838, 31, pi. 304 ; Syiiop. 1839, 227 ; Birds Am. V. 1842, 

 231, pi. 323. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 701; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 515. — Coue.s, Key, 

 1872, 246 ; Check List, 1873, no. 406 ; 2d ed. 1881, no. 598. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1882, 

 no. 509. 



Morinella interpres, Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. IMus. Vol. 4, 1882, 32. 



Tringa morinellus, Linn. S. N. L 1766, 249 (^ young). 



Strepsilas collaris, Temm. Man. II. 1820, 553. 



" Charadrius cinclus, Pallas" (Baird, 1. c). 



Hab. Sea-coasts of nearly all countries ; in America, from Greenland and Alaska to Chili 

 and Brazil ; in the interior, more or less common along the shores of the Great Lakes and larger 

 rivers. 



Sp. Char. Adult: Chin and throat, a large loral patch, another covering terminal half of the 

 auriculars, border of the pileum, and large transverse patch on each side of the jugulum, white ; 

 stripe from the frontlet to the eye, squarish patch beneath the eye, malar stripe, side of the neck, 

 jugulum, and sides of the breast, uniform black, all these markings confluent and sharply defined. 



