130 



PR^COCIAL GRALLATORES — LDIICOL^E. 



Vanellus capella. 



THE LAPWING. 



Tringa vanellus, Lixx. S. N. ed. lU, 1758, 14S ; ed. 12, 1700, 248. 



Charadrius vanellus, Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, no. 47. — Naum. Vog. Deutsclil. IX. 1838, 209, pi. 179. 



Vanellus capella, Schaeff. Oni. Mus. 1789, 49. — Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 4, 1882, 35. 



Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst. Oni. Tascheiib. II. 1803, 313. 



Vanellus cristat.us, Meyeu, Vog. Deutsclil. I. 1810, 10. — Macgill, Man. II. 55. — Keys. & Blas. 



Wirb. Eur. 69. — Gray, Gen. B. II. 541 ; Cat. Brit. B. 1863, 137. —Gould, Birds Eur. pi. 291. 



— RiDOW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 512. — Coues, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 593. 

 Vanellus gavia. Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816, 29. — Steph. Gen. Zool. XL 509, pi. 38. 

 Vanellus hicornis, Bxiehm, Vog. Deutsclil. 557. 

 The Peewit, or Laincing, Yaki:. Brit. B. ed. 2, II. 481, lig. ; ed. 3, II. 515, tig. 



V, capella. 



Hab. Entire Paloearctic region ; occasional in Arctic America (Greenland, " Reinhardt, 

 Ibis, 1861, 9;" islands in Norton Sound, Alaska, Dall & Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. I. 

 1869, 293). 



Adult, breeding-plumage : Pileuui, crest, fore-part of the lores and malar region, chin, throat 

 and entire breast, blue-black, faintly glossy. Side of the head and neck white, the nape ashy. 



Back, scapulars, and lertials, metallic bottle-green, changing to coppery purple on the outer scapu- 

 lars ; wing-coverts dark purplish blue, changing to greenish, becoming decidedly green on the 



