336 



PR^COCIAL GRALLATORES - LIMICOL^. 



Phalaropus frenatus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. II. 1825, 178, pi. 271. 



Plmlaropus stcnodadylus, Wagl. Isis, 1831, 523. 



Phalaropus fimbriatus, Tem.m. Pi. Col. V. pi. 270. 



Lobipes incanus, Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. I. pi. 16. 



" Stcganopus tricolor, Yieill." (Coues). 



Lobipes antarctiats, Less, (fide Frazer, P. Z. S. 1843, 118). 



Hab Temperate North America in general, Ixit chiefly the interior portions ; rare along the 

 Atlantic coast, and not recorded from the Pacific slope of California, Oregon, or Washington Terri- 

 tory. North to Eastern Oregon, the Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, and Maine ; south, m migrations, 

 to Brazil and Patagonia (Chupat Valley). 



Sp Char. Adult female in summer : Forehead and crown pale pearl-gray, the former with a 

 blackish line on each side ; occiput and nape white, changing to plumbeous gray on the back and 

 scapulars. Stripe on the side of the head (chiefly back of the eye), and continued down the side 

 of the neck, deep black, changing on the lower part of the neck into rich dark chestnut — this 

 extending backward more interruptedly on each side of the interscapular region ; outer scapulars 

 marked with a similar stripe. A short stripe above the lores and eyes (not reaching the bill), 

 cheeks, chin, and throat pure white ; foreneck and juguluni soft bufly cinnamon, deepest laterally 



and posteriorly, and fading gradually into creamy buft" on the breast ; remaining lower parts white. 

 Wings brownish gray, the coverts and tertials bordered with paler ; rump brownish gray, upper 

 tail-coverts pure white. Adult male in summer: Smaller and much duller than the female, with 

 the beautiful markings of the latter but faintly indicated. Adult and youiuj in rointer : Above, con- 

 tinuous light ash-gray ; upper tail-coverts, superciliary stripe, and lower parts white, the jugulum 

 and sides of breast tinged faintly with pale ashy. Young, first 2)lumage : Crown, back, and scapu- 

 lars Ijlackish dusky, the feathers bordered conspicuously with buff. Upper tail-coverts, superciliary 

 stripe, and lower parts white, the neck tinged with buff. Dovmy young: Prevailing color bright 

 tawny fulvous, paler beneath, the abdomen nearly white ; occiput and nape with a distinct median 

 streak of black, on the former branching laterally into two narrower, somewhat zigzag lines ; lower 

 back and rump with three broad black stripes ; flanks with a black spot, and caudal region crossed 

 by a wide subterminal l)ar of the same. 



Male: Wing, 4.7.'3-4.80 ; culmen, 1.25; tarsus, 1.20-1.25; middle toe, .90. Female: Wing, 

 5.20-5.30 ; culmen, l.;3()-1.35 ; tarsus, 1.30-1.35 ; middle toe, .90-1.00. 



The habits of this exclusively American Phalarope, and to some extent its geo- 

 graphical distribution, have continued, until very recently, to be imperfectly ascer- 

 tained. It was known to Wilson by only a single specimen, all record of which has 

 been lost. Even Audubon appears to have met with very few of this species, and 

 to have gathered but little information as to its habits. It is now known to be by 

 far more common in the interior than near the coast, to breed in Northern Illinois, 

 Iowa, Wisconsin, Dakota, and Oregon, and thence northward into the British pos- 

 sessions to an unascertained extent. It is also abundant in Utah, but does not appear 



