ANATID.E — THE SWANS — OLOR. 423 



1. Cygnus (Linn.), 1758. 



62. The yellow color at the base of the bill not extending to the nostrils. 



c.i Smaller: Total length about 1,150 mm; middle toe with claw about 125 mm; the 

 yellow spot at the base of the bill making at least one third of the surface of the bill 

 and lores. 



2. Bewickii (Yarr.), 1830. 



c2 Larger: Total length about 1,400mm; middle toe with claw about 140mm; the 

 yellow spot at the base of the biU making, at most, one fifteenth of the surface of the 

 bill and lores. 



3. Columbianus (Ord.), 1815. 



ft2. The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind border of the nostrils equal to the 

 distance from the latter to the tip of the bill. 



4. Buccinator (Rich.), 1831." 



The North American species of Olor ma.y be readily distinguished by the following characters : — 



1. O. columbianus. Tail-feathers usually 20 ; liill not longer than the head, the anterior end 



of the nostrils considerably anterior to the middle of the maxilla ; naked loral skin usually 

 with a yellow oblong spot. 



2. O. buccinator. Tail-feathers usually 24 ; bill longer than the head, the anterior end of 



the nostrils reaching to about the middle of the maxUla ; naked loral skin entirely black. 

 Size considerably larger. 

 Through a misconception of statements made on p. 465 of the " Fauna Boreali-Americana," Vol. 

 XL, the author of a "Nomenclature of North American Birds" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 21) 

 included Bewick's Swan in the North American fauna. In this, however, it seems that he was 

 in error, as pointed out on pp. 210 and 211 of Dr. Stejneger's Monograph, before referred to. In 

 view, however, of the possibility that this species may yet be found within our limits, we quote 

 below, from Dr. Stejneger's paper, its chief synonymy and principal characters : — 



" Olor Bewickii, Yarr. (Bewick's Swan)." 



" DiAGN. The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind border of the nostrils is 

 much longer than the distance from the latter to the tip of the bill ; the yellow color at the base 

 of the bill does not extend to the nostrils, making at least one third of the surface of the bill and 

 lores. Smaller : Total length about 1150 mm ; middle toe with claw about 125 mm." 



Syn. —IS'iO. — Cygnus Beioickii, Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Spc. XVI. p. 453 (uec Rich. 1831 quse 0. 



columbianus, Oitn). 

 1838. — Cijgnus islandicus, Naum., Wiegji. Archiv IV. 1838, p. 364 (nee Brehm, 1830, (luse 



Olor cygnus, Linn. ). 

 1838. — Cygnus Bervjiclcii, Eyton, Monogr. Anat. PL 18 {err. typ.). 

 1840. — Cygnus minor, Keys. & Blas. Wirbelth. Europ. p. LXXXIL 

 1842. — Cygnus melaMnrliinus, Xaum. Vog. Deutschl. XL ^j. 497. 

 1851. — Cygnus musicus, Kj^rboll. Orn. Dan. PI. XLIV. (nee Bechst. qua 0. cygnus, 



Linn.). 

 1854. — Cygnus amcriccmus, Hartl. Naumannia, 1864, p. 327 (nee Sharpl. quse columbianus, 



Ord). 

 1856. — ' Cygnus Altumi, Homeyer,' Bp. Cat. Parzud., p. 15. 

 1866. — ' Cygnus Alf.umii, Badeker,' Schlegel, Mus. P. B. VI. Anseres, p. 82. 

 1880. — Ctjgnus Bcwicki, Dresser, Birds of Eur. pt. lxxvii.-lxxlx." 



Olor cygnus. 



THE HOOPER SWAN. 



Anas cygnus, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 122 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 194. 



Olor cygnus, "Bonap." RIDGW^ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3, 1880, 202, 222 ; Xom. N. Am. B. 

 1881, no. 586. — Stejn. Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. Vol. 5, 1882, 198. 



