PHALAROPODID.E — THE PHALAEOrES — LOBIPES. 331 



less rnfous. Female, with the sides of the neck ami juguluiu uuifonu cinnainon-rutbus, the plum- 

 beous above pure and continuous. Male, with the rufous conilued chiefly to the sides of the neck, 

 the juguluni being mixed white and grayish, tinged with rufous ; plumbeous above duller and less 

 continuous than in the female. Young, first jdtnnage : Crown plumbeous-dusky, with or without 

 streaks ; back and scapulars Ijlack, distinctly streaked with Iniff or ochraceous ; wings as in adult, 

 but middle coverts bordered Avith Initf or whitish. Forehead, supra-auricular stripe, lores, and 

 lower parts white, the jugulum and sides of breast sometimes suffused with dull brownish ; auricu- 

 lars dusky. Doivny tjoung : Above, bright tawny, the rump with three parallel stripes of black, 



#i;^ 



enclosing two of lighter fulvous than the ground-color ; crown covered by a triangular patch of 

 mottled darker brown, bounded irregularly with blackish ; a black line over ears, not reaching to 

 the eye ; throat and rest of head light tawny fulvous ; rest of lower parts white, becoming grayish 

 posteriorly. 



Total length, about 7.00 inches ; wing, 4.00-4.45 ; culmen, .80-90 ; tarsus, .75-. 85 ; middle 

 toe, .65-. 75. 



There is no specimen in the Smithsonian Collection representing the winter plumage of this 

 species ; but this stage is thus described by Naiunann, in "Die Vogel Deutschlands " (Vol. VIII. 

 pp. 244, 245) : " The winter plumage, which they take after the young plumage, seldom appears in 

 full, and such young birds are yet moulting when another, the spring moulting, sets in. Even old 

 Ijirds are seldom found in lull winter plumage, Ijecause the autumnal moulting goes on very slowly. 

 The few new feathers which are often found in those killed in late autujnn seem to have been over- 

 looked, since a description of them can nowhere be found, although they appear quite difterent from 

 those of the young, and even of the summer plumage. I have a specimen in which almost tlie whole 

 plumage has been renewed, and which, therefore, has almost completely taken its winter plumage. 

 It is strikingly different from the other plumages. The forehead, a stripe over the eye extending 

 through the temples, bridles, chin, throat, cheeks (mostly), foreneck, breast, and belly to the tail 

 pure white ; the crown gray, with bluish-white scales with black stripes on shafts ; a little sjjot 

 before the eye black ; a strip under the eye, somewhat more extended over the auricular region, 

 blackish and whitish gray mingled ; the hind neck light bluish gray, with a few somewhat darker 

 spots ; the sides of the jugulum clouded with pale gray, with a yellowish-ljrowu wash ; upper back, 

 shoulders, and hinder wing-feathers gray, toward the roots of the feathers darkest, approaching 

 blackish brown, with Ijlack shafts and broad bluish-white borders, by which the whole gains the 

 appearance of being deep gray, with grayish-white scales. The middle tail-feathers also have dull 

 white borders, and are, besides, like the upper tail-coverts, rump, or lower back, blackish brown- 

 gray; the latter, however, with only a few light borders to the feathers. All the rest is like the 

 young plumage, but with the wing-coverts somewhat lighter, in old birds intermixed with feathers 

 the color of the shoulder-feathers (scapulars)." 



Examples vary consideral)ly in the clearness and sharp definition of the colors, even those in 

 the down differing much in this respect, some being pale yellowish, and others deep rusty fulvous ; 

 the latter extreme being represented by a specimen from the region of Hudson's Bay. the former 

 by examples from the Pryljilof Islands, Alaska. As, however, several from the latter locality vary 

 among themselves, the difference is perhaps purely individual. 



