ANATIN^ — THE DUCKS — MARECA. 5l7 



ground-color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, whitish. Wing, 10.00-11.00 inches ; 

 cnlnien, 1.35-1.45 ; tarsus, 1.45-1.60 ; middle toe, 1.G5-1.75. Hah. Palaearctic Region ; 

 occasional in Eastern North America, more frequent in Alaska. 



2. M. americana. Head and neck whitish, speckled with black, and with a dark metallic- 



green space on the side of the occiput (sometimes continued down the nape) ; ground- 

 color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, vinaceous or pinkish cinnamon. Wing, 

 10.25-10.75 inches; culmen, 1.30-1.50; tarsus, 1.45-1.65; middle toe, 1.65-1.85. Hab. 

 North America. 

 B. Speculum wholly velvety black ; jugulum and anterior part of back black, irregularly barred 

 with white ; sides and flanks light rufous ; scapulars and back black, the feathers widely 

 bordered with white ; crissum white, tinged with rufous. Tail-feathers not acuminate, 

 the middle pair scarcelj' projecting. 



3. M. sibilatrix.^ Forehead, lores, and cheeks white, the latter finely barred with dusky ; 



posterior part of the crown and middle of the occiput (longitudinally) brownish dusky ; 

 a space of metallic green, varying to violet-purple on each side the occiput, from the eye 

 to the middle of the neck ; neck, including throat, dusky black. Wing, 10.40 inches ; 

 culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60 ; middle toe, 1.80.^ Hab. Southern South America. 



Mareca penelope. 



THE EUROPEAN WIDGEON. 



Anas penel 02)6, Linn. S. N. ed, 10, I. 1758, 126; ed. 12, I. 1766, 202 (penelope). — Naum. Yog. 



Deutschl. XL 1842, 724, pi. 305. — Reinh. Ibis, IIL 1861, 1.3 (Greenland). 

 Mareca penelope, Selby, Br. Orn. 11.324. — Baird, B. X. Am. 1858, 784; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 



no. 586. — CoL'ES, Pr. Essex lust. V. 1868, 299 (New England) ; Key, 1872, 268 ; Check List, 



1873, no. 492 ; 2a ed. 1882, no. 712 ; B. N. W. 1874, 564 (footnote). —Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. 



B. 1881, no. 606. 

 Anas cagolca, S. G. Gmel. Reise, I. 1770, 77. 



Mareca fistularis, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 1824, 131, pi. 50. 

 Wigeon, Yarr. Brit. B. cd. 2, III. 286, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 287, fig. ; et AucT. 



Hab. Palsearctic Region in general, and occasional in Eastern North America (several 

 records  — New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Florida, Wisconsin, etc.) ; breeding in 

 the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 



1 Mareca sibilatrix. The Chilian AVidgeon. 



Anas sibilatrix, Poeppig, Fror. Not. 1829, 10, no. 539 (Chili). 



Mareca sihilatrix, ScL. & Sala'. P. Z. S. Apr. 4, 1876, 395 (monographic). 



Anas chilcensis, King, P. Z. S. 1830-1831, 15. 



Mareca chiloensis, Eyton, Monog. Anat. 1838, 117, pi. 21. — Cass. U. S. Astr. Exp. II. 1856, 



201. — ScL. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 187-3, 130. 

 Pato pico pequeho, Azara, Apunt. III. 1805, no. 432 (Buenos Ayres). 

 Anas ptarvirostris, Merrem, Ersch. u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1. xxxv. 1841, 43 (ex Azara, 1. c. ). 



Hab. South America. 



This species differs from both J/, penelope and M. americana in details of form and color, which, 

 however, are merely of specific importance. The bill is quite similar, though the commissure it more ele- 

 vated basally and more depressed in the middle, and its gi-eatest width is through the base. The middle 

 tail-feathers are not more elongated than the rest, and the upper tail-coverts are less lanceolate. The color- 

 ation is yet more different, the only similarity being in the white wing-covert patch, as in both M. ameri- 

 cana and M. penelope, and the green space on the side of the occiput, as in the former. The forehead, but 

 also the lores and cheeks, are white. In other respects it differs totally from the two northern species as 

 follows : Neck black ; jugulum with broad transverse bars of black and white ; sides and flanks plain 

 rufous ; upper tail-coverts innnaculate white ; speculum plain opaque black ; crissum rusty. An adult 

 male measures as follows : wing, 10.30 inches ; tail, 4.50 ; culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60; middle toe, 1.80 ; 

 width of bill, .70 — the size being thus about the same as that of M. penelopie and M. americana. 

 2 Only one example measured. 



