6i8 MOSSES AND FERNS 



The outer cells of the capsule have their cell- walls thickened, some- 

 times uniformly, e.g., Pallavicinia, Podomitrium; sometimes with 

 thickened bars or partial spirals, e.g., Calycularia radiculosa, Pellia. 

 In the latter genus there is a well-marked basal elaterophore, which is 

 perhaps represented in some other genera by the presence of a few 

 attached elaters at the base of the capsule. 



A quadripolar spindle, very much like that in Pallavicinia decipens, 

 occurs in Calycularia radiculosa, but sometimes a bipolar spindle is 

 formed, followed by two others, and this is also the case in Palla- 

 vicinia radiculosa and P. Levieri (Campbell (37) ). In the latter there 

 is no evidence of a quadripolar spindle. 



P. 99. The dehiscence of the capsule may be by a fragmentation 

 of the waU, e.g., Fossombronia, or by splitting longitudinally into more 

 or less regular (usually four) valves. In Aneura and Metzgeria this 

 splitting includes the elaterophore, which with the adherent elaters 

 forms four tufts at the free ends of the valves. In Pallavicinia the 

 valves are united at the tip, and the spores escape through four shts 

 between the valves. Cavers (9) states that in Podomitrium the 

 valves are also adherent at the apex, but the writer's studies on P. 

 Malaccense indicate that in this species the splitting extends to the 

 apex of the capsule, but there are only two valves instead of foUr. 

 Calycularia radiculosa (Campbell (34) ) sometimes has these valves 

 adherent at the apex, but occasionally separated completely. As in 

 the case of Podomitrium Malaccense there are but two valves, each of 

 which, however, is clearly formed of two coherent valves. According 

 to Schiffner the other species of Calycularia have the wall broken up 

 irregularly on dehiscence, as in Fossombronia, and he thinks they 

 should not be associated, generically, with C. radiculosa. 



P. 100. For Goebel (13), read (15). 



P. 100. Cavers (9) has proposed the name Calobryaceae as a 

 substitute for Haplomitreae. The best-known species of the family 

 is Calobryum Blumei, a very beautiful Liverwort, occurring in the 

 Indo-Malayan region. For details see Goebel (15). 



P. loi. It seems almost impossible to clear up the relationships 

 of the Anacrog3m8e. Cavers recognises two main lines of develop- 

 ment, which he thinks have diverged from the Sphcerocarpus t3rpe. 

 These he calls the Pellia line (comprising the Codoniaceae and Calo- 

 bryaceae) and the Blyttia line (Aneuraceae and Blyttiaceae) . In both 

 of these there has been the development of leaves, and the question 

 arises as to which of these leafy Anacrogynae is nearer to the leafy 

 acrogynous Liverworts. 



