MOSS ALLIES. 121 



and leafed, each leaf shaped like a perfect crescent, it was 

 the crescent leafed species (J. connivens). A wood in 

 Swaledale, already familiar as the scene of many a fern and 

 moss-seeking ramble, furnished also its quota of Liver- 

 worts. Here the Asplenium-like species was rambling as 

 was its wont ; while on the deeply shaded rocks the closely 

 pac ed erect stems of another species were forming a 

 verdant cushion. The leaves seemed to be placed in four 

 rows, but on closer examination it appeared that there 

 were really only two rows of leaves, but that each leaf 

 had two lobes, the smaller turned to the front of the stem ; 

 the leaves were of a pale green, and showed toothed edges 

 under the lens ; the calyx, veil, and capsula were placed 

 on the summits of the branches (J. umbrosa). Another 

 of the group was there, with leaves of similar form, but 

 plain at the edges ; it grew upon a barer rock, and its 

 stems were shorter and nnbranched ; it was the Blunt- 

 leaved Liverwort (J. obtusifolia.) Upon beech boles in 

 that Chase wood, were patches of green verdure. The plant 

 stuck so close to the bark that you might have supposed 

 it a mere painting. Here again the leaves were lobed, 

 but the smaller lobes were turned in, they were planted 

 close on the stem, so as to overlap one another. The 

 footstalks were situated at the end of the stems, and were 

 very short indeed, the capsule seeming as if seated on the 

 veil. This was the Complanate Liverwort (J. complanata, 

 Jig. 9). All these belong to the group without stipules, 

 many more belong to the same group, but we have not 

 found them, and all these will serve as examples. 



Later, in that same Herefordshire wood, the Polyanthus 

 Liverwort bore an abundant crop of capsules (J. poly- 



